Attenuation
makes microorganisms; non-pathogenic DOES NOT KILL IT
Pasteurization
kills pathogenic microorganisms
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
polymerase chain reaction process to amplify a single or few copies
of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude
Mutation
change in the nucleotide base sequence of a genome - in the DNA sequence
Cloning
process of making a genetically identical copy
Plasmids
small piece of circular DNA found in bacteria
Nosocomial Infections
hospital-acquired infections
Zoonotic Infections
a disease that can be passed between animals and humans
Antigen (Ag)
any foreign substance which stimulates an immune response
Antibody (Ab)
glycoproteins secreted by plasma cells that bind to an antigen (Ag)
Major Histocompatibility Complex
a group of genes that code for two groups of proteins
Antibody Function
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Primary Immune Response
the first antibody response which occurs in a patient following
either vaccination or a natural infection
Secondary Immune Response
the "memory" response which occurs following either a
second vaccination or a second natural infection