Penicillins
(B-lactams)
Cell wall synthesis, inhibits penicillin-binding proteins, bactericidal
Cephalosporins
(B-lactams)
Cell wall synthesis, inhibits linking enzymes, bactericidal
Vancomycin
Cell wall synthesis, inhibits cross linking of glycan chains, bactericidal
Bacitracin
Cell wall synthesis, interferes with transport of PTG precursors, bactericidal
Isoniazid
...
Ethambutol
...
Aminoglycosides
Protein synthesis, irreversibly bind to the 30S subunit, batericidal
Tetracyclines
Protein synthesis, binds to to 30S subunit, bateriostatic
Macrolides
Protein synthesis, bind to the 50S subunit, bacteriostatic
Lincosamides
Protein synthesis, bind to 50S subunit, bacteriostatic
Streptogramins
Protein synthesis, bind to 50S subunit (2 parts), bacteriostatic
Chloramphenicol
Protein synthesis, binds to the 50S subunit, bacteriostatic
Oxazolidinones
Protein synthesis, binds to 50S subunit, bacteriostatic
Rifamycins
Nucleic acid synthesis, block prokaryotic RNA polymerase, bactericidal
Quinoles*****
Nucleic acid synthesis, ,bactericidal
Sulfonamides
Metabolic pathway, competes to form dihydropteroic acid, bacteriostatic
Trimethoprim
Metabolic pathway, interferes with activity of another enzyme, bacteriostatic
Polymixin
Membrane synthesis, disrupts membranes of Gram-negative, bacteriostatic
Polyenes
membrane integrity, binds to and inhibits ergosterol
Azoles
inhibits the fungal cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme lanosterol 14-a-demethylase
Allylamines
inhibits squalene epoxidase
Echinocandins
inhibit the synthesis of b-(1,3)-glucans
Flucytosine
inhibits RNA functions
Griseofulvin
inhibits fungal growth
Neutralizing antibodies
Attachment inhibitor, passive immunization for hepatitis B and rabies
Receptor antagonists
Attachment inhibitor, peptide analogues of the cell receptor or viral
attachment protein that competitively block interactions
Hydrophobic amines, Amantadine Rimantadine
Fusion inhibitors, neutralize compartments preventing acidification
and membrane fusion
High resistance, not very useful
Acyclovir (ACV)
Nucleoside inhibitor, interfere with function of nucleic acids,
distort the shapes of nucleic acid molecules and prevent further replication
Azidothymidine (AZT)
Nucleotide inhibitor, interfere with function of nucleic acids,
distort the shapes of nucleic acid molecules and prevent further replication
Protease inhibitors
works by slipping into the hydrophobic active site of the enzyme and
inhibits its action
Integrase inhibitors
Raltegavir
Neuraminidase inhibitors
act by inhibiting the functioning of the influenza virus neuraminidase
Zanamivir
act by inhibiting the functioning of the influenza virus neuraminidase
Osteltamivir
act by inhibiting the functioning of the influenza virus neuraminidase
Reverse-transcriptase inhibitors
...