Anastomosis
The surgical joining together of two normally distinct organs
Fecalith
A hard, impacted mass of feces in the colon
Fissures
Narrow slits of clefts in the abdominal wall
Fistula
abnormal tube like passage between internal organs, or from an internal organ to the body�s surface
Flatus
Gas expelled through the anus
Hepatomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the liver
Ileocecal
The valve guarding the opening of the ileum and cecum
Ileostomy
The surgical formation of an opening of the ileum on the surface of the abdomen through which fecal material is emptied
Melena
Black, tarry stool containing digested blood; usually caused by bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract
Polyps
Tumors on stem frequently found in the mucosal lining of the colon
Gastroenterologist
Physicians who specialize in diseases and disorders of the stomach, small intestine (colon), and appendix and the accessory organs of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Peritoneum
Membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera
Mesentery
A double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the back wall of the abdominal cavity and supports the small intestine
Omentum
A fold of peritoneum supporting the viscera
Adhesions
A fibrous band of scar tissue that binds together horally separate anatomical structures
Ascites
Accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity dropsy of the peritoneum
Carcinogens
Substances that cause cancer
Sclerotherapy
the treatment of hemorrhoids, varicose veins, or esophageal varices by means of injection of sclerosing solutions
Endemic
A disease that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people living in a particular area
Portal hypertension
Elevated pressure in the portal circulation resulting from obstruction of venous flow into and through liver (cirrhosis of liver)
Lithotripsy
Surgical crushing of a stone
Esophageal varices
Enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
Hematemesis
Vomiting blood, indicating rapid upper GI bleeding, associated with esophageal varices or peptic ulcer
Peristalsis
The process of wave-like muscle contractions of the digestive tract that moves food along
Valsalva�s maneuver
occurs when a person strains to defecate or urinates, uses arms or upper trunk muscles to move up in bed, strains during laughing, vomiting. Causes trapping of the blood in the great veins, preventing it from entering the chest & R. atrium. May cause a heart attack or death
Three primary functions of the digestive system
Digestion, absorption, elimination
The gallbladder is located in the ___ quadrant of the abdomen
Right upper
The appendix is located in the ___ quadrant of the abdomen
Right lower
The stomach is located in the ___ quadrant of the abdomen
Left upper
The liver is located in the ___ quadrant of the abdomen
Right upper
The pancreas is located in the ___ quadrant of the abdomen
Left upper
The ___ delivers bile from the liver to the duodenum where the digestion is completed
Bile duct
The small intestine is made up of?
The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
The small intestine is lined with transverse folds of tissue called ___
Villi
Hiatal hernia
Hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm
Gastric duodenum ulcers
Gastric ulcer formation involves widespread gastritis, inflammation of the oxyntic cells and atrophy of acid and pepsin-producing cells. Duodenum ulcers are associated with high acid and low bicarbonate secretion
Food poisoning
Illness caused by poisonous or contaminated food
Dumping syndrome
rapid emptying of chyme from surgically created residual stomach into small intestine
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
altered bowel pattern and abdominal pain with bloating
Acute appendicitis
Acute inflammation caused by a hardened piece of feces, a worm, or enlarged lymph node
Crohn's disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
Ulcerative colitis
Inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers
Celiac disease
Autoimmune disease; antibodies against gliadin in gluten; flat villi cannot digest gluten
Diverticular disease
Herniation�s of the lining of the colon
Hemorrhoids
Swollen, painful rectal veins; often a result of constipation, swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region
Cirrhosis
A chronic disease interfering with the normal functioning of the liver
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
Oral tumors
Cancer of the lip, cancer of the tongue or gums
Esophageal cancer
Associated with chronic irritation resulting from chronic esophagitis
Gastric cancer
Food preservatives, long term use of nitrates; smoked foods
Liver cancer
Primary tumor caused by cirrhosis from hepatitis/ chemical exposure
Pancreatic cancer
Cigarette smoking
Colorectal cancer
Genetic or familial linked to a diet high in fat, sugar, and red meat
Emis
to vomit
diaphoresis
profusely sweat
stenosis
narrowing
GI System Meds
H2 Blockers
Zantac (ranitidine)
Pepcid (famotidine)
Tagamet (cimetidine)
Axid (nizatine)
OTC antacids
neutralizes stomach acid & pain relief
Proton pump inhibitors, blocks pumping w/acid cells
Prilosec (omeprazole)
Prevacid (lansoprazole)
Aciphex (rabeprazole)
Nexium (esameprazole)
Protonix (pantoprazole)
Cytoprtective agents-protect stomach & sm. intestine tissue lining
Pepto-Bismol
Carafate (sucalfate)
Misoprosol (Cytotec)
Sphincter
muscle that opens & closes
Patient Screening ?s
What are the onset, frequency, duration
Where's the location & duration of the pain
Whats the quality of the pain(sharp, dull, stab)
Pain scale from 1-10
History of occurrence
Taken any meds for the discomfort & what was taken
gangrene
the death of body tissues a result of loss of nutritive supply, followed by bacterial invasion & putrefaction
hematocrit
the % by volume of packed RBC in a given sample of blood after configuration
hemoglobin
a protein found in erythrocytes that transports O2 in the blood
jaundice
yellowing of the skin & mucus membranes caused by deposition of bile pigment; liver disorder
lymphadenopathy
disorder of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels
portal circulation
pathway of blood flow through the portal vein from the GI system to the liver
pyloric sphincter
a muscular ring at the distal end of the stomach that separates the stomach or esophageal varices by the duodenum of the small intestine
sclerotherapy
treatment of hemorrhoids, varicose veins or esophageal varices by means of injection of sclerosing solutions
anorexia
a lack or loss of appetite for food
Colace ( docusate)
ACTION
Docusate is a stool softener. It makes bowel movements softer and easier to pass.
INDICATION
Docusate is used to treat or prevent constipation, and to reduce pain or rectal damage caused by hard stools or by straining during bowel movements.
side effect such as:
�rectal bleeding or irritation;
�numbness or a rash around your rectum;
�severe diarrhea or stomach cramps; or
�continued constipation.
Tagamet (cimetidine)
Action
Treating and preventing ulcers of the stomach and small intestine, and treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Indication
H2(histamine) blocker. It works by blocking one of the chemicals, histamine, that stimulates the release of acid into the stomach. This reduces acidity in the stomach.
Side Effects
Diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; headache.
Prevacid (lansoprazole)
Action
belongs to a group of drugs called proton pump inhibitors. It decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach.
Indication
treats and prevents stomach and intestinal ulcers, erosive esophagitis (damage to the esophagus from stomach acid), and other conditions involving excessive stomach acid
Side Effects
�severe stomach pain, diarrhea that is watery or bloody;
�seizure (convulsions);
�kidney problems - urinating more or less than usual, blood in your urine, swelling, rapid weight gain; or
�symptoms of low magnesium - dizziness, confusion; fast or uneven heart rate; tremors (shaking) or jerking muscle movements; feeling jittery;muscle cramps, muscle spasms in your hands and feet; cough or choking feeling.
Protonix (pantoprazole)
Action
is a proton pump inhibitor that decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach.
Indication
treat erosive esophagitis (damage to the esophagus from stomach acid), and other conditions involving excess stomach acid such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. GERD
Side Effects
�severe stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss;
�diarrhea that is watery or bloody
�seizure (convulsions);
�kidney problems - urinating more or less than usual, blood in your urine, swelling, rapid weight gain; or
�symptoms of low magnesium - dizziness, confusion; fast or uneven heart rate; tremors (shaking) or jerking muscle movements; feeling jittery;muscle cramps, muscle spasms in your hands and feet; cough or choking feeling.
Bentyl (Dicyclomine)
Action
relieves spasms of the muscles in the stomach and intestines.
Indication
used to treat functional bowel or irritable bowel syndrome.
Side Effects
�severe constipation, bloating, or stomach pain;
�worsening of diarrhea or other irritable bowel symptoms;
�feeling very thirsty or hot, being unable to urinate, heavy sweating, or hot and dry skin
�confusion, hallucinations, unusual thoughts or behavior; or
�pounding heartbeats or fluttering in your chest.
PrevPak
(lasoprazole, amoxicillin, clairthronycin)
Action
the development of drug-resistant bacteria
Indication
used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.
Side Effects
�Abdominal or stomach pain or tenderness
�blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin
�clay colored stools
�dark urine
�diarrhea
�difficulty with swallowing
�dizziness or fainting
�fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat
�fever or chills
�headache
�hives, itching, or skin rash
�joint or muscle pain
�loss of appetite
Aciphex (rabeprazole)
Action
is a proton pump inhibitor that decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach.
Indication
used to treat symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Side Effect
�severe stomach pain, diarrhea that is watery or bloody;
�seizure (convulsions);
�kidney problems - urinating more or less than usual, blood in your urine, swelling, rapid weight gain; or
�symptoms of low magnesium - dizziness, confusion; fast or uneven heart rate; tremors (shaking) or jerking muscle movements; feeling jittery; muscle cramps, muscle spasms in your hands and feet; cough or choking feeling.
Nexium (esomeprazole)
Action
is a proton pump inhibitor that decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach.
Indication
used to treat symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other conditions involving excessive stomach acid
Side Effects
�severe stomach pain, diarrhea that is watery or bloody;
�seizure (convulsions);
�kidney problems - urinating more or less than usual, blood in your urine, swelling, rapid weight gain; or
�symptoms of low magnesium
Phenergan (promethazine)
Actions
It works by changing the actions of chemicals in your brain, acts as an antihistamine. It blocks the effects of the naturally occurring chemical histamine in your body.
Indication
Phenergan is used to treat allergy symptoms such as itching, runny nose, sneezing, itchy or watery eyes, hives, and itchy skin rashes. Helps with motion sickness
Side Effects
�severe drowsiness, weak or shallow breathing;
�a light-headed feeling, like you might pass out;
�confusion, agitation, hallucinations, nightmares;
�seizure (convulsions);
�fast or slow heartbeats;
�jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);
Tigara (trimethobenzamide)
Action
Treating nausea and vomiting.
Indication
an antiemetic. It works by blocking one of the chemical messengers that stimulates nausea and vomiting.
Side Effect
�Body spasm, with head and heels bent backward and body bowed forward
�convulsions (seizures)
�depression
�shakiness or tremors
�skin rash
�sore throat or fever
�unusual tiredness
�vomiting (severe or continuing)
�yellow eyes or skin
What is the 1st part of the large intestine
...
what is the ring of muscles called
Sphincter
What is called when you have a bariatric bypass
Anastomosis
What is a wave like movement
Peristalsis
What is the removal of the colon
Colectomy
2 words that mean lip
Cheil/o Labi/o
Stamato
mouth
Dentist that is a gum Dr.
Periodontist
HBV
Hepatitis B Virus
What is it called when you have a lack of appetite
Anorexia
in the Intestine theirs an abnormal side pocket
Diverticulitis
In the esophagus
swollen twisted veins
Esophageal varices
...
NPO
Nothing by mouth
Difficulty Digestion
Dyspnea
What is the tightening or narrowing
Stenosis
What is an enzyme that digests fat
LIPASE
Steatorrhea
Fat in the feces
rrhaphy
Know what suturing is
ptysis
Spitting
Surgical repair
...
lysis
breaking up, breaking down, blood distribution
GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
What's it called when you have sudden involuntary muscle movement
Muscle spasms
Bilirubin
...
...
muscle action that moves food
Diverticulitis
outpoutching from the large intestine
When you 1st eat your food is dissolved by
amalayse
Bental
IBS
If you had H-Pylori what would you use
...
Organ that stores Bile
gallbladder
H-Pylori causes
Stomach/Peptic Ulcer
Polyps
tumors or outgrowth found in the mucosal lining of the colon
plasty
removal
stenosis
tightening
lysis
...
ptoses
drooping
phagia
swollow
ase
enzyme
emisis
vomit
rrhaphy
suture
rrhagia
bursting w/blood
BE
Barium Enema
BM
Bowelmovement
CT
Computed Tomography
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Image
HBV
Hepatitis B Virus
NPO
Nothing By Mouth
rreh
flowdifficulty
phagia
eating/swallowing
ptysis
spitting
IBS
Irritable Bowel Movement
INF
Inflamed Bowel
pepsia
digestion
peritstalisis
...
removal of the colon
...
removal of the colon
coloenectomy
GERD
gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
steatorria
...