DNA flashcards

nucleotide

monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen containing base

Base Pairing

rule that describes how nucleotides form bonds in DNA; always bond with thymine,guanine, and cytosine

Transformation

transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell in a solution to another

Deoxyribose

an aldopentose derived from the pentose sugar ribose by the replacement of a hydroxyl group with a hydrogen atom

Double Helix

model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule, in which two strands wind another to that of a twisted ladder

Chromatin

loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase

Replication

process by which DNA is copied

DNA Polymerase

enxyme that makes bonds between nucleotides forming an identical strand of DNA during replication

Helicase

a prokaryote enzyme that uses the hydrolysis of atp to unwind the DNA helix at the replication, allowing single strands to be copied

Chromosome

long,continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information

Complementary

making complete

semi-conservative

replication during DNA replication, each strand of a DNA parent molecule is a template for the synthesis of its new complementary strand

polypeptide

a peptide which on hydrolysis yields more than two amino acids called tripeptides

Messenger RNA

form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis

Transfer RNA

form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Transcription

process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complimentary strand of mRNA

Translation

process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein Is produced

Codon

sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid

Anti-Codon

set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation

Promoter

section of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds starting the transcription of mRNA

Intron

segment of a gene that does not code for an amino acid

Exon

sequence of DNA the codes information for protein synthesis

Genetic Code

relationship between the sequence of bases in nucleic acid and the order of amino acids in the polypeptide synthesized from it

Amino Acid

molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen

Protein

polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids

hydrogen bond

attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom

Mutation

change in the DNA sequence

DNA

double stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth

RNA

nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis

ligase

catalyzes the formation of the covalent bonds between