nucleotide
monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen containing base
Base Pairing
rule that describes how nucleotides form bonds in DNA; always bond with thymine,guanine, and cytosine
Transformation
transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell in a solution to another
Deoxyribose
an aldopentose derived from the pentose sugar ribose by the replacement of a hydroxyl group with a hydrogen atom
Double Helix
model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule, in which two strands wind another to that of a twisted ladder
Chromatin
loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase
Replication
process by which DNA is copied
DNA Polymerase
enxyme that makes bonds between nucleotides forming an identical strand of DNA during replication
Helicase
a prokaryote enzyme that uses the hydrolysis of atp to unwind the DNA helix at the replication, allowing single strands to be copied
Chromosome
long,continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information
Complementary
making complete
semi-conservative
replication during DNA replication, each strand of a DNA parent molecule is a template for the synthesis of its new complementary strand
polypeptide
a peptide which on hydrolysis yields more than two amino acids called tripeptides
Messenger RNA
form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis
Transfer RNA
form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
Transcription
process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complimentary strand of mRNA
Translation
process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein Is produced
Codon
sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid
Anti-Codon
set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation
Promoter
section of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds starting the transcription of mRNA
Intron
segment of a gene that does not code for an amino acid
Exon
sequence of DNA the codes information for protein synthesis
Genetic Code
relationship between the sequence of bases in nucleic acid and the order of amino acids in the polypeptide synthesized from it
Amino Acid
molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen
Protein
polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids
hydrogen bond
attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom
Mutation
change in the DNA sequence
DNA
double stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth
RNA
nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis
ligase
catalyzes the formation of the covalent bonds between