Gene Expression

1.DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

2.RNA

ribonucleic acid

3. mRNA - messenger RNA

RNA that carries information for making a protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

4. tRNA - transfer RNA

RNA that carries an amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis; has anticodon

5. rRNA - ribosomal RNA

part of the ribosome; involved in joining amino acids during protein synthesis

6. nucleotide

subunit of DNA or RNA; consists of phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base group (A,T,C,G,U)

7. deoxyribose

sugar in DNA

8. ribose

sugar in RNA

9. base-pairing rules for DNA

Adenine (A) binds to Thymine (T); Cysteine (C) binds to Guanine (G)

10. base-pairing rules for RNA

Adenine (A) binds to Uracil (U); Cysteine (C) binds to Guanine (G)

11. gene

a segment of DNA that codes for a protein

12. gene expression

the process of transcribing mRNA from a gene and translating the mRNA into a polypeptide

13. codon

a 3 letter code that specifies an amino acid; located on mRNA

14. anticodon

a 3 letter code that is complementary to a codon; located on tRNA

15. amino acid

a subunit of a protein

16. polypeptide

a chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

17. trait

a characteristic that varies between individuals of the same species

18. DNA mutation

a change in the sequence of a gene

19. Substitution

a mutation that exchanges one nucleotide for a different nucleotide

20. Frameshift

deletion or insertion - removing or adding 1 or 2 nucleotides so that the triplet codons are changed