1.DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
2.RNA
ribonucleic acid
3. mRNA - messenger RNA
RNA that carries information for making a protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
4. tRNA - transfer RNA
RNA that carries an amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis; has anticodon
5. rRNA - ribosomal RNA
part of the ribosome; involved in joining amino acids during protein synthesis
6. nucleotide
subunit of DNA or RNA; consists of phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base group (A,T,C,G,U)
7. deoxyribose
sugar in DNA
8. ribose
sugar in RNA
9. base-pairing rules for DNA
Adenine (A) binds to Thymine (T); Cysteine (C) binds to Guanine (G)
10. base-pairing rules for RNA
Adenine (A) binds to Uracil (U); Cysteine (C) binds to Guanine (G)
11. gene
a segment of DNA that codes for a protein
12. gene expression
the process of transcribing mRNA from a gene and translating the mRNA into a polypeptide
13. codon
a 3 letter code that specifies an amino acid; located on mRNA
14. anticodon
a 3 letter code that is complementary to a codon; located on tRNA
15. amino acid
a subunit of a protein
16. polypeptide
a chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
17. trait
a characteristic that varies between individuals of the same species
18. DNA mutation
a change in the sequence of a gene
19. Substitution
a mutation that exchanges one nucleotide for a different nucleotide
20. Frameshift
deletion or insertion - removing or adding 1 or 2 nucleotides so that the triplet codons are changed