seed
A ________ is a plant embryo and a food supply, encased in a protective covering.
gymnosperms
The __________ are seed plants that bear their seeds directly on the scales of cones.
angiosperms
The __________ are seed plants that bear their seeds in flowers inside a layer of tissue that protects the seed.
pollination
The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure is called ___________.
seed coat
A tough ________ ________ surrounds and protects the embryo and keeps the contents of the seed from drying out.
naked seed
The word gymnosperm means "________ _______".
ovules
Near the bases of each scale of the seed cones are two _________, the structures in which the female gametophytes develop.
pollen tube
If a pollen grain lands near an ovule, the grain begins to grow a structure called a ________ ______, which allows the pollen to travel without water and which contains two haploid sperm nuclei.
gymnosperms
Acorns, pine nuts, and beans are examples of ___________.
meiosis
The living plant within a seed represents the early developmental stage of the _________ phase of the plant life cycle.
water
In seed formation, fertilization does not require ________.
wind, animals
The gametophytes usually develop in reproductive structures known as ________ or _________
pollen cones
In which part of a pine tree are pollen grains produced?
a haploid nucleus
What is one entire male gametophyte of a gymnosperm?
ovules
The structures of gymnosperms in which the female gametophytes develop are called
2 months
How much time does the conifer life cycle typically take to complete?
pollen tubes
In gymnosperm reproduction, what takes place of water in the transfer of sperm to eggs?