Organelle
Small structures within cells that perform specific functions
Nucleolus
dark spot in the nucleus where ribosomal RNA and proteins are made
Lysosomes
sac of digestive enzymes involved in apoptosis
Rough ER
Covered by ribosomes and transports proteins to the golgi apparatus
cell wall
found outside the cell membrane in plants and bacteria and provides support and protection
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food
Mitochondria
sausage shaped organelles that burn glucose and store energy as ATP
DNA
used by cells to store genetic information
eukaryote
organism whose cells contain nuclear membrane and organelles surrounded by membranes
Cellulose
molecule that makes plant cell walls sturdy
Nucleus
surrounded by a double membrane contains dna and acts as the cells control center
Flagella
in some cells, one or two hairlike structures that extend from the cells surface and help move the cell
Cytoplasm
Gel-like fluid where the organelles are found between nucleus and cell membrane
Smooth ER
has several functions including regulating calcium ions in muscle cells, breaking down toxics in liver cells, and making lipids like phospholipids and steroids. does not have ribosomes attached
poptosis
programmed cell death" for the good of the organism
Bi-layer
called a cell membrane bc the phospholipids line up in two rows with polar heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward
plasma membrane
also called a cell membrane, surrounds all cells and is selectively permeable to control what enters and leaves the cell
amino acids
ribosomes join ______ subunits to make proteins
selectively permeable
allow certain molecules to pass through but keep others out
ER
endoplasmic reticulum
Thylakoid
sacs found inside chloroplasts and where photosynthesis happens in plant cells
phospholipid
molecule that has a polar head and two non polar tails and combine with proteins to make cell membranes
Golgi body
looks like a stack of pancakes and modify, sorts, and packages molecules for use in the cell or transport out of the cell
Chitin
molecule that makes fungi cell walls sturdy
integral
proteins stick into the cell membrane. they go part way or all the way through to the other side
Vacuole
space for storing food, water, enzymes, or waste
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food and gets energy from eating other organisms
Prokaryote
organism without a nuclear membrane and no membrane bound organelles
Ribosomes
small structure attached to rough er or free floating in the cytoplasm that makes proteins
peptidoglycan
molecule that makes bacterial cell walls sturdy
Bacteria
Example of a prokaryote
Cytoskeleton
made of micro tubes and micro filaments in the cytoplasm which provide support and give the cell its shape
ATP
molecule used by mitochondria to story energy
Cilia
Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used to move the cell
Centrosome
log like structures made of microtubules that appear during cell division in animal cells and organize the spindle and guide chromosomes apart
peripheral cells
proteins stick to the outside or inside surface of a cell membrane
motor proteins
walk along the microtubules of the cytoskeleton and pull chromosomes apart during cell division