Which of these gives the plasma membrane the ability to block most ions and polar compounds from crossing?
- protein channels
- cholesterol
- phospholipids
- glycoproteins
- cytoskeleton
phospholipids
-The bilayer of non-polar tails on these molecules blocks polar compounds and charged ions from moving through.
During what time period was the cell theory developed?
- in the middle 1800's
- in the early 1900's
- in the middle 1900's
- in the 1700's
- in the late 1800's
- in the 1600's
in the middle 1800's
-serious work on the cell theory occurred between 1838 and 1855, when it was finalized
The movement of proteins through the endomembrane system and out of the cell.
Manufacturing-rough ER
Transport-vesicle from ER
Processing-Golgi apparatus
Transport-Vesicle from Golgi
Secretion-Plasma membrane
What activity occurs in the nucleolus?
-The nucleolus is where new DNA is constructed.
- Ribosomes are creating proteins in the nucleolus.
- The nucleolus is where all RNA is created.
- Ribosomes are created in the nucleolus.
- The nucleolus is where ribo
Ribosomes are created in the nucleolus.
The correct description under each cell structure to identify the role it plays in the cell.
- Nucleus
- lysosomes
- mitochondrion
- ribosome
- smooth ER
Nucleus-stores genetic information of the cell
lysosomes-breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes
mitochondrion-convert chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell
ribosome-works with mRNA to synthesize proteins
smooth
Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- lysosomes
- nucleus
- Golgi apparatus
- rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
nucleus
-DNA is the genetic information of the cell, and it is stored in the nucleus.
The structural framework in a cell is the
- plasma membrane.
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
- cytoskeleton.
- endomembrane system.
- extracellular matrix.
cytoskeleton
-The cytoskeleton is the structural framework in a cell ("cyto" refers to cell and "skeleton" refers to a structural framework).
Where in a cell is ATP made?
- mitochondria
- lysosomes
- nucleus
- cytoskeleton
- ribosomes
mitochondria
-ATP is made in mitochondria.
What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
- Rough ER
- mRNA
- DNA
- ATP
- ribosomes
mRNA
-The "m" in mRNA stands for "messenger"; mRNA is the messenger that carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by
- the cytoskeleton.
- the extracellular matrix.
- ribosomes.
- the Golgi apparatus.
- mitochondria.
ribosomes
-Ribosomes dock on the rough ER, and proteins are completed inside the rough ER.
Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?
- cytoskeleton
- Golgi apparatus
- flagellum
- ribosomes
- mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
-The endomembrane system includes the ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles. It manufactures, processes, and transports lipids and proteins. The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins.
Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?
- lysosomes
- mitochondria
- rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- Golgi apparatus
lysosomes
-Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down worn-out organelles.
Where are lipids made in the cell?
- mitochondria
- Golgi apparatus
- rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- ribosomes
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
-The smooth ER makes lipids
What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?
-extracellular matrix
-nuclear envelope
-endomembrane system
-plasma membrane
-cytoskeleton
plasma membrane
-The plasma membrane surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell.
What is the difference between cilia and flagella?
- Cilia are found on plant cells and flagella are found on animal cells.
- Cilia are much shorter than flagella.
- Cilia are made from microfilaments and flagella are made from microtubules.
- Flagella ar
Cilia are much shorter than flagella.
-In most other ways, cilia and flagella are identical.
What is the difference between cytoplasm and the cytoplasmic fluid?
- The cytoplasm includes everything outside the nucleus and the cytoplasmic fluid includes everything inside the nucleus.
- The cytoplasm contains proteins and the cytoplasmic fluid conta
The cytoplasm includes the cytoplasmic fluid and also some structures.
-The cytoplasm includes things like organelles and the cytoskeleton. The cytoplasmic fluid only includes substances dissolved in the liquid portion of the cytoplasm.
Drag the correct label under each cell structure to identify whether it is found only in animal cells, only in plant cells, or in both types of cells. Labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Cell Wall-found in PLANT cells but not animal cells
Nucleus-found in both PLANT and ANIMAL cells
chloroplast-found in PLANT cells but not animal cells
rough endoplasmic reticulum-found in both PLANT and ANIMAL cells
You find a population of strange cells in a sample of pond water. You wish to determine first whether they are eukaryotic or prokaryotic. You look for a membrane-enclosed nucleus and don't see one, but sometimes the nucleus is hard to spot without stainin
organelles
-Organelles are also membrane-enclosed structures that are not present in prokaryotic cells.
Which of these processes is absolutely necessary for all of the others to function?
- protein processing in the golgi apparatus
- lysosomes digesting food particles
- creating new plasma membrane
- vesicle transport within the cell
- protein export from t
vesicle transport within the cell
-All of these processes require vesicles to move between organelles and other cellular structures.
The correct description under each cell structure to identify the role it plays in the cell.
- Plant cell wall
- Central Vacuole
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondrion
- Golgi apparatus
-Plant cell wall - strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils
-Central Vacuole - regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds
-Chloroplast - makes food by converting light energy into chemical energy
What is the exact function of DNA?
- DNA allows information to be passed down to future generations.
- DNA gives a cell identity. It is the difference between the cells of a cow and the cells of a dog.
- DNA controls the activities of the cell.
- DNA prov
DNA provides the blueprints for making proteins.
-The proteins constructed from this blueprint then carry out the functions of the cell.
Which of the following is present inside a prokaryotic cell?
- chloroplasts
- mitochondria
- golgi apparatus
- ribosomes
- vesicles
ribosomes
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.
- tonofilaments
- microtubules
- microfilaments
- intermediate filaments
- pili
microtubules
-Eukaryotic cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules.
What is the purpose of mitochondria?
- Mitochondria produce energy using ATP.
- Mitochondria produce energy using the oxygen in food.
- Mitochondria produce oxygen necessary to produce ATP.
- Mitochondria produce ATP using the energy in oxygen.
- Mitochon
Mitochondria produce ATP using the energy in food.
-Mitochondria don't simply produce energy in a raw form. They take the energy from food and convert it into a more useful form, ATP.
What is the purpose of the cell wall?
- support of interaction between cells
- prevent intruders from entering the cell
- isolate and protect the cells contents
- support and protection
- regulating the flow of materials
support and protection
-Plasma membranes are not stiff and cannot resist gravity or puncturing. Stiff cell walls can provide these functions.
Why is the nucleus considered the control center for the cell?
- The nucleus controls which proteins are made and when.
- The nucleus contains all of the DNA in the cell.
- The nucleus is in the center of the cell.
- The nucleus sends signals that tell pr
The nucleus controls which proteins are made and when.
-Proteins do most of the work in a cell. Since the nucleus controls protein production, it controls all the work a cell does.
Which of the components of cytoskeleton are used directly for movement?
- microtubules
- microtubules and intermediate filaments
- microtubules and microfilaments
- microfilaments
- intermediate filaments
- microfilaments and intermediate filaments
microtubules and microfilaments
-Both of these are used in moving cell components like DNA and organelles. Microfilaments are also used to make muscular movements.
Which type of cell is capable of harnessing energy from sunlight?
- bacterial cells
- photosynthetic cells
- prokaryotic cells
- plant cells
- eukaryotic cells
photosynthetic cells
-Photosynthesis is the process of harnessing energy from the sun.
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
- Ribosomes
- Flagella
- Pili
- Cell walls
- Mitochondria
Pili
-Pili enable bacterial cells to stick to a surface.
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
- protein synthesis
- protection
- DNA storage
- propulsion
protection
-A bacterium's capsule has a protective role.
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
- ribosomes
- nucleus
- peroxisome
- nucleoid region
- capsule
nucleoid region
-Bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region.
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
- ribosomes
- nucleus
- peroxisome
- nucleoid region
- capsule
ribosomes
-Ribosomes are involved in the manufacture of polypeptides (proteins).
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
- capsule
- pili
- cell wall
- flagella
- nucleoid region
cell wall
-The cell wall is a rigid supporting structure.
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
- plasma membrane
- nucleoid region
- ribosome
- pili
- cell wall
plasma membrane
-The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
- ribosome
- Golgi apparatus
- plasmodesma
- chloroplast
- lysosome
lysosome
-The prefix "lyso-" means decomposition
Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?
- Central vacuole.
- Golgi apparatus.
- Chloroplast.
- Plasma membrane.
- Mitochondrion.
Mitochondrion
-In both plant and animal cells, it's the mitochondria that convert chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell
The plant cell wall
- is very similar to the animal cell wall.
- is found just inside the plasma membrane.
- makes food by converting light energy to chemical energy.
- is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.
- regulates the composition of th
is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.
-The cell wall is a structure that protects the plant cell and is made of cellulose fibrils
Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?
- Separating the cell from its surroundings
- Storing the genetic information of the cell
- Working with mRNA to synthesize proteins
- Storing compounds produced by the cell
- Converting light e
Storing compounds produced by the cell
-One of the functions of the central vacuole is to store compounds produced by the cell
_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.
- Lysosomes; plasma membranes
- Cell walls; chloroplasts
- Chloroplasts; central vacuoles
- Plasma membranes; mitochondria
- Central vacuoles; ribosomes
Central vacuoles; ribosomes
-Central vacuoles are found only in plant cells. Ribosomes are found in both plant and animal cells
Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?
- The chloroplast functions as the site of lipid synthesis.
- The chloroplast serves as a protein manufacturing facility.
- The chloroplast creates internal pressure for a cell.
- The chlor
The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.
-The chloroplast makes food for the plant cell by converting light energy to chemical energy
Which of the following is a function of the golgi apparatus?
- transport between organelles
- protein modification
- protection
- lipid manufacture
- respiration
- protein manufacture
protein modification
-The golgi apparatus has many functions, including the addition of carbohydrates to proteins
Where do scientists obtain adult stem cells?
-saliva
-bone marrow
-skin
-pancreas
bone marrow
In order to best eliminate the chance for rejection, a tissue or organ should be made from cells obtained from which of the following?
-a cadaver
-a donor pig
-a sibling
-the patient
the patient
If a fabricated windpipe is not receiving proper oxygen and nutrients, which of the following failed to properly regenerate?
-blood vessels
-white blood cells
-keratin
-mucus producing cells
blood vessels
Which of the following is most likely to receive a fabricated organ made from his own cells?
-pancreatic cancer patient
-lung cancer patient
-bladder cancer patient
-thyroid cancer patient
bladder cancer patient
Think of all the structures that prokaryotic cells possess and those that they lack. What is the common feature of most of the missing structures?
- Most of the missing structures are made of protein.
- Most of the missing structures contain DNA.
- Most o
Most of the missing structures are enclosed by a membrane.
Which of the functions of a plasma membrane are accomplished by proteins in the membrane?
- isolating the cell's contents, regulating the flow of materials, and allowing interactions with other cells
- allowing interactions with other cells
- regulating t
regulating the flow of materials and allowing interactions with other cells
What is the smallest living thing in the following list:
- mitochondria
- atom
- frog embryo
- bacteria
- virus
bacteria
Which of the following biological molecules accomplishes work within the cell?
- proteins and nucleic acids
- proteins
- carbohydrates and proteins
- carbohydrates
- nucleic acids
- lipids and carbohydrates
proteins
We usually compare all eukaryotic cells as a group to all prokaryotic cells. However, some types of eukaryotic cells have characteristics that are found in prokaryotic cells, but not found in other eukaryotic cells. What feature do plant cells share with
cell wall
Which cellular structure has the most in common with the nuclear envelope?
- ribosomes
- mitochondria
- cell wall
- endoplasmic reticulum
- plasma membrane
plasma membrane
Even though prokaryotic cells lack a cytoskeleton, many of the functions of a cytoskeleton are performed by other parts of the cell. Which of the functions of a cytoskeleton is unique to eukaryotic cells?
- nuclear shape
- organelle movement
- cell moveme
organelle movement
Which statement best describes the relationship between RNA and DNA?
- Parent cells make a DNA copy of their RNA to give to their daughter cells.
- RNA copies DNA in order to make proteins.
- Parent cells make an RNA copy of their DNA to give to their dau
RNA is a copy of DNA that is used to make proteins.
Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- protein manufacture
- protein modification
- lipid manufacture
- protection
- respiration
- transport between organelles
lipid manufacture
Which of the components of the cytoskeleton is much more important to animal cells than to plant cells?
- microtubules and intermediate filaments
- microtubules
- intermediate filaments
- microfilaments
- microfilaments and intermediate filaments
microfilaments
The process of creating and exporting a protein requires many organelles. Which of the following lists these organelles in order?
- nucleolus, rough ER, vesicle, golgi apparatus
- nucleolus, rough ER, golgi apparatus, vesicle
- nucleus, vesicle, rough ER,
nucleus, rough ER, vesicle, golgi apparatus, vesicle
What is similar about exporting proteins from a cell and digesting food particles within a cell?
- Both processes involve mitochondria.
- Both processes involve vacuoles.
- Both processes involve the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
- Both processes involve
Both processes involve the formation of vesicles.
In which of these cell types would you expect to find a membrane-enclosed nucleus?
- bacterial cell
- fungal cell
- photosynthetic cell
- large cell
- archaebacterial cell
- prokaryotic cell
fungal cell
How are the jobs of the mitochondrion and the chloroplast related?
- Chloroplasts produce energy while mitochondria use energy.
- Chloroplasts produce sugar while mitochondria produce oxygen.
- Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis while mitochondria perfor
Mitochondria and chloroplasts both convert energy from some other form into ATP.
Diatoms, photosynthetic protists that live in the ocean, possess strange chloroplasts with four membranes instead of two. The leading hypothesis explaining this is that the chloroplasts in diatoms actually represent eukaryotic cells that formed symbiosis
Diatoms acquired photosynthesis after the evolution of the chloroplast.