Plasma membrane (cell membrane)
thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Nuclear envelope
double membrane structure that is the outer boundary of the nucleus; separates inner environment (DNA) from cytoplasm (chemical reactions)
nucleus
large structure inside some cells that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities
nucleous
holds protein and RNA in the nucleus of a cell. Where the assembly of ribosomes begins
cytoplasm
fluid material inside the cell membrane (not including the nucleus or other organelles)
mitochondria
releases energy from stored food molecules
ER
internal membrane system in cells in which components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified
golgi appartus
stack of membranes in the cell in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
lysosome
filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell like nutrients
ribosome
small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
valcuole
stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
cell wall
strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
chloroplast
found in plants cells and some other organisms; uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules by
photosynthesis
cytoskeleton
network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
centrioles
aid in cell division & separating chromosomes, bundles of microtubules, ONLY in animal cells
cilia & flagella
hair-like projections outside the cell made of microtubules, enable cells to "swim" through liquids, like "oars on a boat
pseudopod
cytoplasm enclosed in a membrane used by some protists for feeding or movement (false foot).