polymer
A large molecule composed of repeating structural units or monomers.
carbohydrate
Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)
protein
Class of nutrients made up of amino acids. They are needed to build and repair body structures, and to regulate processes in the body
lipid
Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and store food energy until needed (fats)
nucleic acid
A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information.
amino acid
Building blocks of protein
monosaccharide
A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate
nucleotide
Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
fatty acid
Building blocks of lipids
macromolecule
A very large molecule (as of a protein, nucleic acid, or carbohydrate) built up from smaller chemical structures
enzyme
A protein that makes a reaction happen QUICKER; decreases activation energy of a reaction.
polysaccharide
a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together
glucose
A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.
Product
A substance produced in a chemical reaction
organic compound
a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon
disaccharide
A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose, sucrose, and lactose.
polysaccharide
A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis.
a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together
monosaccharide
A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate
polypeptide
A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
peptide
Bonds that connect amino acids.
How many types of amino acids are there?
20 types