Nucleus
Proteins are made in the cytoplasm of a cell, whereas DNA is found only in the
Transcription
The process of making RNA from DNA is called
Replication
The process of transcription is similar to the process of DNA
mRNA
Carries information from the DNA in the nucleus out into the the cytoplasm of the cell
Cytoplasm/ribosome
mRNA carries the information for making proteins to the ____
Anti-codon
Base pairing of a codon
AUG
Which mRNA codon usually signals the beginning of protein synthesis
Peptide bond
How are amino acids joined together to form a protein
Stop, build no more
What is the function of a stop codon
Nucleus
Whwre does the mRNA come from
Cytoplasm
Where does translation take place in a eukaryotic cell
To bond with the anticodon
What is the role of the mRNA codon
To bond with the mRNA codon
What is the role of the tRNA anticodon
Attaches to mRNA, tells tRNA to move in
What is the role of ribosomes in protein production
Peptide bonds
What binds amino acids together in a protein
One
How many strands of mRNA are transcribed from the two "unzipped" strands of DNA
Ribose, nitrogenous base, phosphate group
What are the three parts of an RNA nucleotide
Urilsil
How does base pairing differ in RNA and DNA
mRNA
Brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's factory floor, the cytoplasm. To bring code to DNA to build protein
mRNA copies then breaks it off
Describes what happens after the process of base pairing is completed
Free nucleotides move in and bond with commentary pairs
Describes what happens when a molecule of DNA unzips
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
Four nitrogenous bases?
Guanine
Cytosine bonds with?
Bases
The sequence of _ carries the genetic information of an organism
Replication
The process of _ replication produces a new copy of an organism's genetic information, which is passed on to a new cell
Double helix
The double-coiled shape of DNA
Enzymes breaks the hydrogen bond and unzips the DNA
1st step in the process of DNA replication
A free nucleotide will bond to old strand
How does each separated stand begin to rebuild a new strand
The original DNA strand
What is the origin of each strand in the replicated DNA
Enzymes
What kind of substance facilitates the hydrogen bonding of nucleotides into new DNA molecule
Two new strands of DNA
What is the result of the replication of one molecule of DNA
Alfred Hershey and Martha chase
Who radioactively labeled viruses that infected bacteria
nucleotide
Building blocks of DNA
Adenine and guanine
Purines
Thymines and cytosine
Pyrimidines
Thymine
Adenine pairs with
Guanine
Cytosine pairs with
-enzymes break the hydrogen bond
-DNA will unzip
-free nucleotide will bond
-two new strands of DNA form
steps of DNA replication
Proteins
DNA controls the structure of _
Protein
The key cell and regulators of cell functions
3-d shapes
Proteins will form
DN sequence
A mutation is any mistake or change in the _
A single base pair in DNA
A point mutation is a change in _
Frame shift mutation
A mutation in which a single base is added to or deleted from DNA is called
Humans
Chromosomal mutations are especially common in
D
Few chromosome mutations are passed on to the next generation because
A) the zygote usually dies
B) the mature organism is sterile
C) the mature organism is often incapable of producing offspring
D) all of the above
Translocation
When part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome, the result is an
Meiosis
Many chromosome mutations result when chromosomes fail to separate properly during
Nondisjunction
The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly is called
Spontaneous mutations
Mutations that occur at random are called
Mutagen
An agent that can cause a change in DNA is called an
Cancer
Mutations in body cells can sometimes result in
Nucleus
Proteins are made in the cytoplasm of a cell, whereas DNA is found only in the _
Transcription
The process of making RNA from DNA is called
Replication
The process Of transcription is similar to the process of DNA _
mRNA
Carries information from the DNA in the nucleus out into the cytoplasm of the cell
Cytoplasm/ribosome
mRNA carries the information for making proteins to the _
Double
DNA has how many strands of nucleotides ?
Single
RNA has how many strands of nucleotides?
Deoxyribose
DNA's sugar ?
Ribose
RNA's sugar?
ATGC
DNA nitrogenous base?
AUGC
RNA nitrogenous base?
Amino acids
Proteins are made up of ?
Amino acids
There are twenty different types of _
Proteins
The message of the DNA code is information for building _
Codon
Each set of three nitrogenous bases that codes for an amino acid is known as a _
Threonine
The amino acid _ is represented by the mRNA codon ACA
UUU, UUC
_ and _ are the mRNA codons for phenylalanine
Codon
There can be more than one _ for the same amino acid
Amino acid
For any one codon, there can be only one _
Amino acids
The genetic code is said to be universal because a codon represents the same _ in almost all organisms
UAA, UAG, UGA
3 Stop codons?
Tryptophan, methionine and isoleucine
_ and _ are amino acids that are each represented by only one codon