Define biological evolution
broader theory of evolution- the change of one kind of organism into another kind of organism over the generations
Two things that must take place for biological evolution to occur
1) offspring must first inherit new traits that make them different from their parents
2) these new traits must improve the offspring's ability to survive
Define Evolution
gradual change that causes something to improve or become more complex
State Lamarck's Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
a method of biological evoltuion
What is an acquired characteristic?
a trait that is caused by an organism's environment; the organism is not born with the trait
What is a major problem with Lamarck's theory?
The traits that an organism acquires do not change the organism's genetic material
What disproved Lamarck's theory?
the current knowledge of genetics
The main points of Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
- In every species more young are produced than can remain alive, therefore some will die
- The individuals in a species compete for the things necessary for survival, such as food, shelter, and mates
- Some individuals compete for things more effectively
Are Darwin's points tue and observable all the time?
YES, but do not demonstrate biological evolution
What does biological evolution require?
an increase in genetic info. that results in new kinds of living things
Does natural selection produce new genetic info.?
NO
The __________ doesn't plan natural selection, as Darwin implied, bc it's not an intelligent being; it's a result of the ________ ___________ designed by God
environment; genetic abilities
Why are acquired traits NOT passed on to offspring?
offspring inherit through genes and acquired traits do not change the genes that are passed on to offspring
Who wrote Origin of Species?
Darwin
What 2 organisms did Darwin find on the Galapagos Islands that he later used to explain natural selection?
tortoises & finches
Who proposed the mutation theory of evolution?
De Vries
Why are most mutations NOT passed on to offspring?
Bc most are somatic mutations, not germ
T/F
Biological evolution would require millions of loss-of-function mutations to produce the variety of life we have today
False, biological evolution would require gain of mutations
List 3 key points of the mutation-selection theory
- Mutations supply new traits
- Organisms produce more offspring than can survive
- Natural selection allows only organisms with the best traits to survive
T/F
The Theory of evolution has changed since Darwin's time
True
List 3 problems with the mutation-selection theory
- Mutations are rare. Scientists estimate that genes mutate once every 10 million cell divisions
- To be passed on to offspring, the mutation must occur in a germ cell. This is even rarer
- "Good" mutations must occur repeatedly, bringing about consistent
T/F
Intelligent design theory is an attempt to use science to prove that God exists
False
Who chooses the traits in selective breeding?
Man
What "chooses" the traits in Natural Selection?
the environment
What is descent with modification?
idea that newer organisms are modified descendants of much older organsisms
Can natural selection explain the many organisms alive today?
No, natural selection works only on traits that already exist
What is De Vries' Theory of Evolution by Mutation?
Mutations could produce the genetic changes needed for biological evolution
State the Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium
theory that evolution occurs rapidly at certain times but very slowly or not at all during other times
Which mutations are needed for biological evolution to take place?
mutations of the germ cells
What is survival of the fittest?
Individuals that have the traits that allow them to win the competition are the ones that will live a produce
What theory of evolution do most evolutionists believe?
mutation-selection theory/ Neo-Darwinism
What must take place for biological evolution to occur?
increase in complexity
How often do scientists believe it takes for a typical gene to mutate?
once in every 10 million cell divisions
Where do somatic mutations occur?
body cells
Where do germ mutations occur?
gamete/sex cells
How many mutations would be needed to make a new kind of organism?
hundreds of gene mutations
Define biological evolution
broader theory of evolution- the change of one kind of organism into another kind of organism over the generations
Two things that must take place for biological evolution to occur
1) offspring must first inherit new traits that make them different from their parents
2) these new traits must improve the offspring's ability to survive
Define Evolution
gradual change that causes something to improve or become more complex
State Lamarck's Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
a method of biological evoltuion
What is an acquired characteristic?
a trait that is caused by an organism's environment; the organism is not born with the trait
What is a major problem with Lamarck's theory?
The traits that an organism acquires do not change the organism's genetic material
What disproved Lamarck's theory?
the current knowledge of genetics
The main points of Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
#NAME?
Are Darwin's points tue and observable all the time?
YES, but do not demonstrate biological evolution
What does biological evolution require?
an increase in genetic info. that results in new kinds of living things
Does natural selection produce new genetic info.?
NO
The __________ doesn't plan natural selection, as Darwin implied, bc it's not an intelligent being; it's a result of the ________ ___________ designed by God
environment; genetic abilities
Why are acquired traits NOT passed on to offspring?
offspring inherit through genes and acquired traits do not change the genes that are passed on to offspring
Who wrote Origin of Species?
Darwin
What 2 organisms did Darwin find on the Galapagos Islands that he later used to explain natural selection?
tortoises & finches
Who proposed the mutation theory of evolution?
De Vries
Why are most mutations NOT passed on to offspring?
Bc most are somatic mutations, not germ
T/F
Biological evolution would require millions of loss-of-function mutations to produce the variety of life we have today
False, biological evolution would require gain of mutations
List 3 key points of the mutation-selection theory
#NAME?
T/F
The Theory of evolution has changed since Darwin's time
TRUE
List 3 problems with the mutation-selection theory
- Mutations are rare. Scientists estimate that genes mutate once every 10 million cell divisions
- To be passed on to offspring, the mutation must occur in a germ cell. This is even rarer
- "Good" mutations must occur repeatedly, bringing about consistent
T/F
Intelligent design theory is an attempt to use science to prove that God exists
FALSE
Who chooses the traits in selective breeding?
Man
What "chooses" the traits in Natural Selection?
the environment
What is descent with modification?
idea that newer organisms are modified descendants of much older organsisms
Can natural selection explain the many organisms alive today?
No, natural selection works only on traits that already exist
What is De Vries' Theory of Evolution by Mutation?
Mutations could produce the genetic changes needed for biological evolution
State the Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium
theory that evolution occurs rapidly at certain times but very slowly or not at all during other times
Which mutations are needed for biological evolution to take place?
mutations of the germ cells
What is survival of the fittest?
Individuals that have the traits that allow them to win the competition are the ones that will live a produce
What theory of evolution do most evolutionists believe?
mutation-selection theory/ Neo-Darwinism
What must take place for biological evolution to occur?
increase in complexity
How often do scientists believe it takes for a typical gene to mutate?
once in every 10 million cell divisions
Where do somatic mutations occur?
body cells
Where do germ mutations occur?
gamete/sex cells
How many mutations would be needed to make a new kind of organism?
hundreds of gene mutations