Where are chloroplasts found?
Leaves
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
6CO2+6H20 = 6O2+C6H12O6
In ATP and ADP, where is the energy stored?
In the links between the phosphate molecules
ADP
Has two phosphate molecules
ATP
Has three phosphate molecules
AMP
Has one phosphate molecule
Out of ATP, ADP, and AMP, which has the most energy?
ATP.
Is ATP/ADP/AMP good for storing larger or smaller amounts of energy?
Small
Heterotrophs
Organisms that must find and consume food
Autotrophs
Organisms that make their own food
What does an ATP molecule consist of?
One adenine, one riobse, and three phosphate molecules.
What do the lines between the phosphates in an ATP molecule represent?
Stored energy
What would be the result if the third phosphate group was removed from an ATP molecule?
Energy would be released, making ADP
What is the difference between ATP and ADP?
ATP has three phosphate molecules and therefore more energy than ADP, which only has two phosphate molecules.
Give an example of an autotroph and a heterotroph.
Autotrophs- Plants, bacteria, algae, some protozoa
Heterotrophs- Humans, animals, fungus, some protozoa
Chlorophyll
The principle pigment in plants; Job is to absorb radiant energy from the sun to provide energy for photosynthesis
Thylakoid
Place in which light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis occurs.
Granum
Stacks of thylakoids within the chloroplasts
NADP+
energy carrier, coenzyme
What is the goal of the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis?
To make molecules of ATP and NADPH
What must be present for the light dependent reaction to take place?
Sunlight and water.
What is released as a waste product of photosynthesis?
Oxygen
What is the goal of the light independent reaction of photosynthesis?
To use ATP and NADPH to build glucose molecules.
What must be present for the light independent reaction to occur?
Carbon Dioxide
What is photolysis?
Splitting H2O molecules
What is the electron transport train?
Series of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that transfers high energy electrons to make NADPH.
What is the result of photosystem II?
H+ and O2 is produced. (H+ is sent to photosystem I)
What is the result of photosystem I?
Creates NADPH molecules
What is the energy source for the light dependent reactions (photosystems I & II)?
The sun
What reactant is necessary for the light dependent reactions?
Water
What compounds are produced during the light dependent reactions?
O2, NADPH, ATP
Where does the light independent reaction take place?
The stroma
How many carbon dioxide molecules are needed to produce one glucose molecule?
6
In the light independent reactions, where does the energy come from?
ATP and NADPH
What is the principal reactant in the Calvin Cycle (light indepentdent reaction)?
CO2
What is the principal product in the Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction)?
Glucose (C6H12O6)
In the Calvin Cycle, what energy compounds are retuned to the light dependent reactions?
ADP+P and NADP+
What are the products of photolysis?
Hydrogen, Oxygen, and electrons
What three factors affect photosynthesis?
Temperature, Light, and Water
Van Helmont
Concluded that trees gain most of their mass by storing water
J. Preistley
Proved that oxygen is given off by plants
Ingenhousz
Concluded that plants release oxygen only in the presence of light
Melvin Calvin
Traced the steps of the light independent reactions of photosynthesis (Calvin Cycle named after him)