4.1 Biology

ATP

The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by _____.

Sugar

Sometimes you may feel you need energy, so you eat food that contains _______.

Chemical energy

All of the carbon-based molecules in food store ______________ _________ in their bonds.

Carbohydrates; lipids

____________________ and _________ are the most important energy sources in foods you eat.

Broken down

However, this energy is only usable after these molecules are _____________ ________ by a series of chemical reactions.

adenosine triphosphate

All cells use chemical energy carried by ATP --- ____________ ________________.

Energy; cell processes

ATP is a molecule that transfers _________ from the breakdown of food molecules to ______ _____________.

ATP; active transport

Cells use ______ for functions such as building molecules and moving materials by _________ _____________.

phosphate group

The energy carried by ATP is released when a _____________ ___________ is removed from the molecule.

Three; broken

ATP has _________ phosphate groups, but the bond holding the third phosphate group is unstable and very easily _________.

Energy

The removal of the third phosphate group usually involves a reactions that releases ___________.

Phosphate; ADP; diphosphate

When the _____________ is removed, energy is released and ATP becalmed _______ --- adenosine __________________.

Lower-energy; phosphate group

ADP is a ________-__________ molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a ______________ __________.

Carbon-based

Organisms break down ___________-__________ molecules to produce ATP.

ATP

Foods that you eat do not contain ______ that your cell can use.

Digested

First, the food must be _____________.

Energy

Foods have different amounts of calories, which are measures of __________.

ATP

Different foods also provide different amounts of ______.

Carbohydrate; lipid; protein

The number of ATP molecules produced depends on the type of molecule that is broken down -- ___________________, _______, or _____________.

Carbohydrates; ATP

______________________ are not stored in large amounts in the body, but they are the molecules most common,g broken down to make _______.

Glucose; 36

The breakdown of the simple sugar ___________ yields about _____ molecules of ATP.

Lipids

_______ store more than twice the energy of carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates; ATP

Proteins store about the same amount of energy as __________________ but they are less likely to be broken down to make ______.

Photosynthesis

Plants make their own food through the process of ____________________.

Sugars

Plant cells break down ___________ to produce ATP, just like animal cells do.

Sunlight; photosynthesis

A few types of organisms do not need __________ and _____________________ as a source of energy.

Directly; Indirectly; chemical

Most organisms rely ___________ or _____________ on sunlight and photosynthesis as their source of ____________ energy.

Sunlight

Some organisms do not need ___________.

Chemosynthesis; carbon-based

_______________________ is a process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy-storing _____________-___________ molecules.

ATP

The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by _____.

Sugar

Sometimes you may feel you need energy, so you eat food that contains _______.

Chemical energy

All of the carbon-based molecules in food store ______________ _________ in their bonds.

Carbohydrates; lipids

____________________ and _________ are the most important energy sources in foods you eat.

Broken down

However, this energy is only usable after these molecules are _____________ ________ by a series of chemical reactions.

adenosine triphosphate

All cells use chemical energy carried by ATP --- ____________ ________________.

Energy; cell processes

ATP is a molecule that transfers _________ from the breakdown of food molecules to ______ _____________.

ATP; active transport

Cells use ______ for functions such as building molecules and moving materials by _________ _____________.

phosphate group

The energy carried by ATP is released when a _____________ ___________ is removed from the molecule.

Three; broken

ATP has _________ phosphate groups, but the bond holding the third phosphate group is unstable and very easily _________.

Energy

The removal of the third phosphate group usually involves a reactions that releases ___________.

Phosphate; ADP; diphosphate

When the _____________ is removed, energy is released and ATP becalmed _______ --- adenosine __________________.

Lower-energy; phosphate group

ADP is a ________-__________ molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a ______________ __________.

Carbon-based

Organisms break down ___________-__________ molecules to produce ATP.

ATP

Foods that you eat do not contain ______ that your cell can use.

Digested

First, the food must be _____________.

Energy

Foods have different amounts of calories, which are measures of __________.

ATP

Different foods also provide different amounts of ______.

Carbohydrate; lipid; protein

The number of ATP molecules produced depends on the type of molecule that is broken down -- ___________________, _______, or _____________.

Carbohydrates; ATP

______________________ are not stored in large amounts in the body, but they are the molecules most common,g broken down to make _______.

Glucose; 36

The breakdown of the simple sugar ___________ yields about _____ molecules of ATP.

Lipids

_______ store more than twice the energy of carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates; ATP

Proteins store about the same amount of energy as __________________ but they are less likely to be broken down to make ______.

Photosynthesis

Plants make their own food through the process of ____________________.

Sugars

Plant cells break down ___________ to produce ATP, just like animal cells do.

Sunlight; photosynthesis

A few types of organisms do not need __________ and _____________________ as a source of energy.

Directly; Indirectly; chemical

Most organisms rely ___________ or _____________ on sunlight and photosynthesis as their source of ____________ energy.

Sunlight

Some organisms do not need ___________.

Chemosynthesis; carbon-based

_______________________ is a process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy-storing _____________-___________ molecules.