used by living things as main source of energy. Plants and some animals use carbohydrates for structural purposes
Function of a carbohydrate
store energy, insulation, protection
Function of a lipid
some form bone & muscle, some transport substances into or out of cells or help fight disease
Function of a protein
store and transmit genetic info
Function of nucleic acids
Name of carbohydrate monomer
Monosaccharide
Examples of monosaccharides
Gluctose, galactose, fructose
process of which monosaccharides are formed, links amino acids together
Dehydration synthesis (or polymerization)
Name of carbohydrate polymer
Disaccharide
Examples of disaccharides
sucrose, maltose, lactose
Examples of polysaccharides
glycogen (animal starch) and cellulose
process in which polysaccharides are split apart to form monosaccharides [forms disaccharides too(mono. + mono. = disaccharides.)]
Hydrolysis
Name of lipid monomer
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
3 fatty acids
saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated
Name of Lipid polymer
Lipids
Name of protein monomer
amino acid
How many amino acids are there?
20+
Examples of lipids
fats, oils, waxes
name of protein polymer
protein
example of protein
enzymes
Bonds between amino acids
polypeptide bonds
name of nucleic acid monomer
nucleotide
what are the three parts of a nucleotide?
5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, nitrogen base
name of nucleic acid polymer
nucleic acid
examples of nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
4 macromolecules
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
ionic bond
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
isotope
charged atoms
ions
smallest unit of most compounds
molecule
substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
compound
forms when electrons are shared between atoms
covalent bond
the slight attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
Van der Walls forces
pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
element
a process that changes or transforms, one set of chemicals into another
chemical reaction
the energy that is needed to get a reaction started
activation energy
a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
catalyst
proteins that act as biological catalysts- speed up chemical reactions, lower activation energy needed for a chemical reaction, get reactants to products, faster, and with less energy, not used or changed in any way in a reaction
enzymes
the reactant of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
substrates
how isotopes are identified
mass numbers
why all isotopes have the same chemical properties
same number of electrons
what holds atoms in compounds together
chemical bonds
atoms can share six electrons and form a ______ ____
triple bond
water charges are unevenly distributed between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms
why a water molecule is polar
compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
acid
weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH
buffer
how many valence electrons each carbon has
four
what gives carbon the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length
bonding to other carbon atoms
lock and key mechanism of enzymes
enzyme and substrate
symbols of a carb
CHO
symbols of a lipid
CHO
symbols of DNA (nuc. acid)
CHPNO
symbols of proteins
CHNO
two functional groups that are formed in amino acids
amino and carboxl group
used by living things as main source of energy. Plants and some animals use carbohydrates for structural purposes
Function of a carbohydrate
store energy, insulation, protection
Function of a lipid
some form bone & muscle, some transport substances into or out of cells or help fight disease
Function of a protein
store and transmit genetic info
Function of nucleic acids
Name of carbohydrate monomer
Monosaccharide
Examples of monosaccharides
Gluctose, galactose, fructose
process of which monosaccharides are formed, links amino acids together
Dehydration synthesis (or polymerization)
Name of carbohydrate polymer
Disaccharide
Examples of disaccharides
sucrose, maltose, lactose
Examples of polysaccharides
glycogen (animal starch) and cellulose
process in which polysaccharides are split apart to form monosaccharides [forms disaccharides too(mono. + mono. = disaccharides.)]
Hydrolysis
Name of lipid monomer
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
3 fatty acids
saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated
Name of Lipid polymer
Lipids
Name of protein monomer
amino acid
How many amino acids are there?
20+
Examples of lipids
fats, oils, waxes
name of protein polymer
protein
example of protein
enzymes
Bonds between amino acids
polypeptide bonds
name of nucleic acid monomer
nucleotide
what are the three parts of a nucleotide?
5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, nitrogen base
name of nucleic acid polymer
nucleic acid
examples of nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
4 macromolecules
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
ionic bond
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
isotope
charged atoms
ions
smallest unit of most compounds
molecule
substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
compound
forms when electrons are shared between atoms
covalent bond
the slight attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
Van der Walls forces
pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
element
a process that changes or transforms, one set of chemicals into another
chemical reaction
the energy that is needed to get a reaction started
activation energy
a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
catalyst
proteins that act as biological catalysts- speed up chemical reactions, lower activation energy needed for a chemical reaction, get reactants to products, faster, and with less energy, not used or changed in any way in a reaction
enzymes
the reactant of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
substrates
how isotopes are identified
mass numbers
why all isotopes have the same chemical properties
same number of electrons
what holds atoms in compounds together
chemical bonds
atoms can share six electrons and form a ______ ____
triple bond
water charges are unevenly distributed between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms
why a water molecule is polar
compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
acid
weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH
buffer
how many valence electrons each carbon has
four
what gives carbon the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length
bonding to other carbon atoms
lock and key mechanism of enzymes
enzyme and substrate
symbols of a carb
CHO
symbols of a lipid
CHO
symbols of DNA (nuc. acid)
CHPNO
symbols of proteins
CHNO
two functional groups that are formed in amino acids
amino and carboxl group