Questions - Chapter 9, Section 9.6

Describe how cell reproduction contributes to repair and growth.

The new cells (underneath the layer of dead cells at the surface of your skin) graduall move outward towards the skin's surface, replcing dead cells. This occurs throughout your entire life and even heals your wounds whe you are injured.

Contrast the two main ways that organisms reproduce.

The two ways an organism can reproduce are by mitosis or meiosis. Mitosis occurs sexually (two organisms) and meiosis occurs asexually (one organism).

Describe the structure of a chromosome.

Two sister chromatids (multiple chromatin strands) connected by a centromere.

Name the stages of the cell cycle and explain what happens during each stage.

The Cell Cycle consists of two stages: Interphase and Mitotic Phase. Interphase is divided into three phases, each with a different cellular function 1. G (gap) One 2. S Phase (Synthesis) and 3. G two. During the S Phase, the genetic material, or DNA, is

Summarize the major events that occur during each phase of mitosis.

Interphase: DNA duplication occurs and the cell gets ready for Mitosis. Prophase: Chromosomes are now visible and are joined together by a centromere, the nuclear envelope in the cell breaks up as the spindle fiber starts to form. Metaphase: Chromosomes j

Explain how cytokinesis differs in plant and animal cells.

In a plant cell, a disk containing cell wall material called a cell plate forms inside the cell and grows outward, separating the daughter cells as opposed to a cleavage furrow forming and pinching the cell into two identical duaghter cells.

Compare benign and malignant tumors.

A benign tumor is an abnormal mass of essentially normal cells. A malignant tumor is a mass of cells that results from the reproduction of cancer cells.

Explain how cancer treatments can work at a cellular level.

Cancer treatments can work at a cellular level in order to reduce all traces of cancer cells. Examples of cellular level treatments are radiation therapy and chemotherapy (both stop cancer cells from dividing).

Describe how homologous chromosomes are alike and how they differ.

Homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes of each matching pair on a karyotype (display o the 46 chromosomes of an individual).

Contrast haploid and diploid cells.

Almost all human cells are diploid as they consist of two honologous sets of chromosomes (46=2n=diploid). The only exceptions are sex cells (gametes) because gametes are cells with a single set of chromosomes (23=n=haploid).

Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.

Meiosis and mitosis are similar in many ways. They both start after the chromosomes have bee duplicated uring interphase as diploid (2n) cells. They also produce daughter cells. It is at this last part however, where the also differ. Mitosis produces two