Biology Chapter 3 functions

Cell wall

a rigid layer made of cellulose outside the cells plasma membrane, glues protection, support, and shape to the cell (eukaryotic and plants)

Nucleus

storehouse for most genetic information, or DNA in your cells (both and both)

Nucleolus

dense region where tiny organelles essential for making proteins are assembled (both and both)

Ribosomes

tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins (both and both)

Chromosomes

contain entire genetic info for an organism (both and both)

Lysosomes

membrane bound organelles that contain enzymes (prokaryotic and animals)

Mitochondria

supply energy to the cell (both and both)

Chloroplast

organelles that carry out photosynthesis a series of complex chemical reactions that convert solar energy rich molecules the cell can use (eukaryotic and plants)

Centrioles

cylinder shaped organelles made of short microtubes arranged in a circle (prokaryotic and animals)

Cilia

short hairs extending from the surface of the plasma membrane (prokaryotic and animals)

Large Vacuole

a fluid sac used for the storage of materials needed by a cell ( plants)

Small Vacuole

a fluid sac used for the storage of materials needed by a cell (animal)

Cytoplasm

jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks such as proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, and ions (both and both)

Cell/plasma membrane

forms a boundary between a cell and the outside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell (both and both)

Cytoskeleton

network of proteins that is constantly changing to meet the needs of a cell (both and both)

Rough ER

helps proteins fold or give it stability, produces phospholipids and proteins (both and both)

Smooth ER

make lipids and perform a variety of other specialized functions like breaking down alcohol and drugs (both and both)

Golgi Apparatus

closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins (both and both)

Chromatin

loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase

Flagella

long whip like tail, sperm

Vesicles

small membrane- bound sacs that divide some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport these materials from place to place within the cell (both and both)