Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Adhesion
Attraction between molecules of different substances; in plants, attraction between unlike molecules
Mixture
Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined
Solution
Mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed
Solute
Substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solutions
Solvent
Substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution
Suspensions
Mixture of water and nondissolved materials
pH Scale
Measurement system used to indicated the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14
Acid
Compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
Base
Compound that produces hydrogen ions (OH+) in solution
Buffers
Weak acid or base that can react with strong aids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH
Monomers
Small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers
Polymers
Large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
Carbohydrates
Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atom; major source of energy for the human body
Monosaccharides
Single sugar molecule
Polysaccharides
Large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides
Lipids
Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes
Nucleic Acids
Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.
Nucleotides
Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
RNA
Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
DNA
Nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
Proteins
Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to makeup enzymes.
Amino Acids
Compound with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end
Chemical Reactions
Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals.
Reactants
Element of compound that enters into a chemical reaction
Products
Elements or compound produced by a chemical reactions
Activation Energy
Energy needed to get a reaction started
Catalyst
Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Enzymes
Protein that acts as a biological catalyst