the heart, series of blood vessels, and the blood that flows through them
What is the human circulatory system composed of?
away
arteries carry blood ___ from the heart
towards
veins carry blood ____ the heart
contractions of the myocardium
what pumps blood through the circulatory system?
the septum
what divides the heart into the right and left side?
the mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood
what does the septum prevent?
Arteries
Choose arteries or veins; Is more oxygen rich:
atrium
upper chamber that receives the blood
ventricle
lower chamber that pumps blood out of the heart
four
how many chambers does the heart have in total?
pulmonary circulation
what kind of circulation does the right side of the heart use?
heart to lungs to heart
what is the pathway of pulmonary circulation?
When blood enters the lungs, carbon dioxide leaves it and oxygen is absorbed
How does the blood that goes to the lungs get oxygen-rich?
to the left side of the heart
Where does the blood go after finished the pulmonary circulation?
heart to body to heart
what is the pathway of systemic circulation?
through right and left atria
how does blood enter the heart?
valves
what prevents blood from flowing back into the atria?
pacemaker
what makes your heart beat?
arteries, capillaries, and veins
As blood flows through the circulatory system, it moves through three types of blood vessels -- what are they?
from heart to tissues of the body
where do arteries carry blood?
pulmonary
All arteries carry oxygen rich blood, except ___ arteries
red
what color is oxygen-rich blood?
capillaries
what are the smallest blood vessels?
aorta
what is the biggest artery?
vena cava
what is the biggest vein?
bring nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorb carbon dioxide and other waste products
what do the capillaries do?
capillary
all transport in and out of blood happen at the ____ level
returning blood back to the heart after it goes through the capillaries
what are the jobs of the veins?
Lack of activity can weaken walls around veins, which causes valves to weaken. This causes blood to poll in the veins, producing a condition known as varicose veins
How can lack of exercise affect veins?
false
true/false: we have much more white blood cells
hemoglobin
what makes our blood red?
red blood cells
what are erythrocytes?
transport oxygen
what do red blood cells do?
white blood cells
what are leukocytes?
fight against infection, parasites, and bacteria
what do white blood cells do?
pharynx
where air from nose and mouth meet:
larynx
voicebox:
to bring the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood, air, and tissue
what is the basic function of the respiratory system?
trachea
what is the windpipe known as?
when muscles pull the vocal cords together, the air moving between them causes the cords to vibrate and produce sounds
how does the larynx produce your voice?
two
how many bronchi are there?
lungs
each bronchi leads into one of the ___
bronchioles
small bronchi are:
alveoli
what are the air sacs that are at the end of all the bronchioles?
diaphragm
what allows you to breathe? (hint: contracts when you breathe in and out and lifts your ribcage)
keep it open so it doesn't close
what do the rings in the trachea do?
brain
What part of our body has total control over our breathing?
Medulla Oblongata
What part of the brain is in charge of breathing?
lower
When CO2 is high, pH is _____
True
True/False: We never fully exhale all air from our lungs
age
Vital capacity of the lungs decreases with ____
lungs; diaphragm
the work of breathing is done by the _______ and the muscles of the ________
contracts
As the diaphragm ___, the chest cavity enlarges, and outside air enters the trachea and lungs
relax
when the diaphragm and rib muscles ___, the lungs deflate, and the gases within the lungs are then exhaled
into
Superior vena cava: Does blood flow into or away from the heart?
into
Inferior vena cava: Does blood flow into or away from the heart?
away
Aorta: Does blood flow into or away from the heart?
away
Pulmonary arteries: Does blood flow into or away from the heart?
into
Pulmonary veins: Does blood flow into or away from the heart?
Co2 and pH
breathing is influenced by the _______
blue
What color is blood when it is high in CO2 but low in oxygen?
Superior Vena Cava
large vein that brings oxygen poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium
pulmonary veins
Bring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium
inferior vena cava
vein that brings oxygen poor blood from lower part of body to the right atrium
aorta
brings oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle to the body
pulmonary arteries
bring oxygen poor blood to the right or left lung