DNA is _______into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. Messenger RNA (mRNA) then leaves the nucleus to be ____________ into proteins in the cytoplasm
transcribed; translated
transcribed; translated
human blood donations
Inherited antithrombin deficiency appears in approximately ____ in every 10,000 people in the United States.
2
Which of the following is NOT an example of a protein?
DNA that is transcribed into messenger RNA
Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
ribosomes
A mutation that substitutes one amino acid for another occurs in the regulatory sequence of the antithrombin gene in a transgenic goat. What would you expect as an outcome?
Antithrombin may be produced in a location other than the mammary glands.
Less antithrombin may be produced.
More antithrombin may be produced.
The timing of antithrombin production may change.
Human antithrombin extracted from transgenic goat milk is as effective in preventing blood clotting as antithrombin extracted from human blood.
true
Knowing that hydrophilic amino acids tend to face outward on a protein that is folded into its three- dimensional state inside a cell allows you to deduce that the term "hydrophilic" means:
attracted to water
All of the following statements are true about different alleles of the same gene EXCEPT:
the proteins that they encode always have identical functions.
Which of the following is NOT a reason to replace human blood donors with genetically modified goats as a source of therapeutic drugs?
Goats have a unique genetic code which allows them to produce proteins that cause fewer allergic reactions.
How do you think replacing one amino acid in a protein with another amino acid would affect the shape of that protein?
Changing one amino acid may or may not change the shape of the protein.
Which of the following is true of RNA polymerase?
It is a protein.
It is an enzyme.
It is used to synthesize messenger RNA (mRNA) from DNA.
It is used for transcription.
Offspring that result from breeding transgenic goats should contain the recombinant gene.
true
Which of the following reason was NOT a factor in the decision to use the beta-casein gene to produce transgenic goats?
Milk proteins called caseins are only produced in the mammary gland.
The beta-casein gene was well studied and characterized.
Denaturation affects the bonds between amino acids in a protein. Which of the following is true of denaturation?
affects the shape of a protein
affects the function of a protein
may occur when proteins are heated
may occur when the pH of a solution changes
In prokaryotic cells gene expression is inherently different than gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Why?
Transcription cannot occur in a nucleus in a prokaryotic ce
Which of the following could be possible if a single nucleotide in the coding sequence of DNA controlling transcription was changed?
The function of the protein could change.
If a section of mRNA contains the nucleotide sequence UUGCCUCAC, the sequence of amino acids translated will be:
Leu-Pro-His.
If a mutation in a long chain of codons changes a codon sequence of one codon from CUU to CUC, what affect would that have on the protein produced
Both of the codons code for the same amino acid and no change would be observed in the protein.
If a section of DNA contains the nucleotide sequence TACCAACGA, the sequence of amino acids translated will be:
Tyr-Gln-Arg.
Why was it important to use the regulatory sequence of a milk gene when constructing the recombinant gene used to produce human antithrombin?
Proteins expressed in tissues where they shouldn't be can be harmful.
Scientists wanted antithrombin produced in milk where it would be easy to harvest.
Scientists wanted antithrombin produced in milk where it would be easy to harvest.
Why is it important to inject a recombinant gene into an embryo instead of an adult?
Injecting the gene into an embryo ensures that all body cells receive a copy of the gene.
A section of messenger RNA (mRNA) is made of 33 nucleotides. With how many amino acids does this section correspond?
11
A 310 amino acid protein has a UGA codon replacing the normal codon at position 250. What effect will this have on the protein?
The protein will be ~60 amino acids shorter than usual.
The antithrombin gene codes for a chain of 432 amino acids. How many DNA nucleotides would code for this gene?
1296
Which part of a gene is actually copied into mRNA?
the coding sequence
A tRNA has an anticodon of AGU. If that tRNA carried a trp amino acid, would this result in a normal or abnormal protein?
abnormal
Which of the following is not true of the shape of proteins?
All humans are genetically identical and therefore produce identical proteins.
Which of the following substitutions would you expect to have the greatest impact on the shape of a protein?
Substituting a hydrophilic amino acid with a hydrophobic amino acid
substituting a hydrophobic amino acid with a hydrophilic amino acid
reducing the length of the amino acid chain by one amino acid
increasing the length of the amino acid chain by one amin