deoxyribose
a five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides
ribose
a five-carbon sugar present in RNA
nitrogenous base
carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen; includes adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and (uracil RNA)
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid; double stranded nucleic acid that stores and transmits genetic information
RNA
ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins
adenine
purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA
thymine
pyrimidine base found only in DNA; pairs with adenine
guanine
purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine
cytosine
pyrimidine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with guanine
uracil
pyrimidine base found in RNA only; pairs with adenine
sugar phosphate backbone
the repeating pattern of connected sugars and phosphates which the nitrogenous bases are connected to
nucleotide
building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.