Oxidation is the loss of electrons; reduction is the gain of electrons
T/F
true
In a lipid bilayer (such as cell membrane) lipid tails point outward attracting water molecules
T/F
false
The membranous compartmentalization of a cell is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
T/F
false
Membrane proteins transfer genetic information to the cytoplasm
T/F
false
The plasma membrane forms a selective barrier around the cell
T/F
true
Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated
T/F
false
Active transport is driven by the concentration gradient
T/F
false
In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes form membranous compartments called organelles
T/F
true
Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six atoms
T/F
false
Enzymes are used up when they catalyze a chemical reaction so must be synthesized for each new chemical reaction
T/F
false
The bond between C and H is CH4 is an example of a covalent bond
T/F
true
Glycolysis occurs in the cell nucleus
T/F
false
Aerobic ATP production yields more ATP per molecule of glucose than anaerobic ATP production
T/F
true
Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria, and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts
T/F
false
An increase in hydrogen ion concentration means a decrease in pH scale units
T/F
true
The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from
a) water
b) glucose
c) carbon dioxide
d) cholorphyll
a) water
What is the sources of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis?
a) light
b) NADPH
c) cellular respiration
d) ATP
a) light
Which of the following are produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a) glucose, ADP, NADP+
b) glucose, ADP, NADP+, CO2
c) ADP, NADPH, O2
d) ATP, NADPH, O2
d) ATP, NADPH, O2
The electron transport chain of the light reactions
a) are located at the stroma
b) shuttle electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I
c) provide energy for the citric acid cycle
d) are found on the plasma membrane of mesophyll cells
b) shuttle electrons form photosystem II to photosystem I
The electrons lost from the reaction center of photosystem II are replaced by electrons from
a) CO2
b) ATP
c) H20
d) photosystem I
c) H2O
Mitochondria transfer_____energy from_____to ATP; chloroplasts transform_____energy into the chemical energy of ATP
a) chemical; food; light
b) food; light; chemical
c) light; food; kinetic
d) food; light; nuclear
a) chemical; food; light
Respiration_____, and cellular respiration_____
a) produces ATP; is gas exchange
b) is gas exchange; produces ATP
c) produces glucose; produces oxygen
d) uses glucose; produces glucose
b) is gas exchange; produces ATP
Which of the following options lists the stages in cellular respiration is the correct order?
a) glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
b) glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and citric acid cycle
c) the citric acid cycle, oxi
a) glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is
a) an oxygen atom
b) a molecule of carbon dioxide
c) a molecule of water
d) ADP
a) an oxygen atom
Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?
a) aerobic respiration
b) alcoholic fermentation
c) lactic acid fermentation
d) all produce approximately the same amount of ATP per molecule of glucose
a) aerobic respiration
If you consume 1 g of each of the following, which will yield the most ATP?
a) fat
b) glucose
c) protein
d) starch
a) fat
Most of the functions of a cell membrane, including transport and enzymatic function, are performed by
a) glycolipids
b) proteins
c) phospholipids
d) cholesterol
b) proteins
Osmosis can be defined as
a) the diffusion of water
b) the diffusion of nonpolar molecules
c) active transport
d) the diffusion of a solute
a) the diffusion of water
Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires_____and moves a substance_____its concentration gradient
a) energy and transport proteins; down
b) transport proteins; down
c) energy and transport proteins; down
d) transport proteins; against
b) transport proteins; down
Which of the following processes can move a solute against its concentration gradient?
a) osmosis
b) passive transport
c) facilitated diffusion
d) active transport
d) active transport
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction,
a) it lowers the activation energy of the reaction
b) it raises the activation energy of the reaction
c) it acts as a reactant
d) it is used once and discarded
a) it lowers the activation energy of the reaction
The active site of an enzyme is
a) the region of a substrate that is changed by an enzyme
b) the highly changeable portion of an enzyme that adapts to fit the substrates of various reactions
c) the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
d) the r
c) the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
Heating inactivates enzymes by
a) breaking the covalent bonds that hold the molecule together
b) removing phosphate groups from the enzyme
c) causing enzyme molecules to stick together
d) changing the enzymes three-dimensional shape
d) changing the enzyme's three-dimensional shape
In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads
a) are hydrophilic and face outward towards the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane
b) are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water
c) are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous so
a) are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane
______cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus
a) plant
b) prokaryotic
c) eukaryotic
d) fungal
b) prokaryotic
Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group?
a) amino acid
b) fat
c) sugar
d) vinegar
a) amino acid
The storage form of carbohydrates is______in animals and______in plants
a) starch; glycogen
b) glycogen; starch
c) cellulose; glycogen
d) glycogen; cellulose
b) glycogen; starch
Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be
a) unsaturated
b) saturated
c) completely hydrogenated
d) monoglycerides
a) unsaturated
A phospholipid is composed of
a) one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules
b) one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups
c) one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups
d) one glycerol molec
d) one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids
Glucose molecules are to starch as_____are to proteins
a) oils
b) amino acids
c) fatty acids
d) monosaccarides
b) amino acids
The primary structure of a protein is
a) an alpha helix or a pleated sheet
b) the amino acids sequence of the polypeptide chain
c) composed of two or more polypeptide chains
d) maintained by hydrogen bonds
b) the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain
The four most common elements in living organisms are
a) C, H, O, Fe
b) C, H, O, Na
c) C, H, O, N
d) C, N, O, Na
c) C, H, O, N
Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could
a) be positively charged
b) be negatively charged
c) have more protons than the usual nitrogen atom
d) have more neutrons than the usual nitrogen atom
d) have more neutrons than the usual nitrogen atom
A(n)______forms when two atoms share electrons
a) ion
b) covalent bond
c) ionic bond
d) hydrogen bond
b) covalent bond
Table salt is formed when
a) chlorine gives an electron to sodium
b) a hydrogen bond forms between sodium and chlorine
c) sodium and chlorine share electrons to form a bond
d) sodium donates its single outer electron to chlorine
d) sodium donates its single outer electron to chlorine
Water molecules stick to other water molecules because
a) water molecules are neutral, and neutral molecules are attracted to each other
b) hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules
b) hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules
Water's surface tension and heat storage capacity are accounted for by its
a) orbitals
b) hydrogen bonds
c) mass
d) size
b) hydrogen bonds
A solution with a pH of 7 is
a) strongly acidic
b) weakly acidic
c) neutral
d) weakly basic
c) neutral
In an ecosystem, energy
a) cycles along with chemical nutrients
b) typically flows form consumers to producers to decomposers
c) typically flows from producers through a series of consumers
d) comes ultimately from bacteria
c) typically flows from producers through a series of consumers
Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis rely on electron transport chains embedded in the membranes to produce ATP molecules. Which of the following correctly describes the difference between the two types of electron transport chains?
a) in cellular
b) in cellular respiration, the electron sources is energy rich food and the final electron destination is oxygen