Which functional groups can act as acid?
A) amine and sulfhydryl
B) carbonyl and carboxyl
C) carboxyl and phosphate
D) hydroxyl and aldehyde
C) carboxyl and phospate
The energy currency of the cell is
A)O2
B)CO2
C)C6 H12 O6
D)ATP
D) ATP
The covalent bonds connecting monomer units in sugars can be formed by the removal of a water molecule. This reaction is referred to as:
A) Hydrolysis reaction
B) Oxidation-reduction reaction
C) Dehydration reaction
D) Condensation reaction
C) Dehydration reaction
Macromolecules are broken down to monomers in ________
A) Hydrolysis reaction
B) Anabolic reaction
C) Dehydration reaction
D) Denaturation reaction
A) Hydrolysis reaction
These biological compounds are non-polar and insoluble in water:
A) Lipids
B) Proteins
C) Carbohydrates
D) Nucleic Acids
A) Lipids
Phospholipids are made up of:
A) a glycerol and three fatty acids
B) four fused carbon rings
C) a phosphate, two fatty acids and a glycerol
D) five-carbon rings with two nonpolar tails
C) a phosphate, two fatty acids and glycerol
DNA and RNA contain functional units known as:
A) peptides
B) enzymes
C) amino acids
D) nucleotides
E) fatty acids
D) nucleotides
Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds in a
A) polypeptide
B) polysaccharide
C) phospholipid
D) nucleic acid
E) starch
A) polypeptide
Proteins are polymers formed of structural units called:
A) fatty acids
B) amino acids
C) nucleotides
D) phosphate groups
E) monosaccharides
B) amino acids
The information storage molecules of cells are called:
A) phospholipids
B) nucleic acids
C) proteins
D) enzymes
E) hormones
B) nucleic acids
Sudan IV, a dye that binds to nonpolar molecules, is used to detect the presence of macromolecules in food. Sudan IV would test positive in the presence of what macromolecule?
A) fats
B) Chitin
C) Hemoglobin
D) Starch
E) DNA
A) fats
The nitrogenous base that is only found in RNA and not DNA is:
A) guanine
B) adenine
C) uracil
D) cytosine
E) thymine
C) uracil
Which of the following reactions is a dehydration reaction?
A) A + H2O -->> B+C
B) A --> B + C
C) A + B H2O --->C
D) A + B --> C + H2O
D) A + B --> C + H2O
The myoglobin protein, which carries oxygen in muscle cells, has only the first three levels of protein structure. What can infer about myoglobin?
A) Myoglobin is not helical or pleated
B) Myoglobin is made of nucleic acids
C) Myoglobin lacks hydrogen bon
D) Myoglobin is made of only one polypeptide chain
The specific amino acid sequence of a protein is its
A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure
A) primary structure
A type of protein critical to all cells is organic catalysts called
A) feedback activators
B) feedback inhibitors
C) enzymes
D) nutrients
C) enyzmes
Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are
A) nonpolar substances that repel water molecules
B) nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water molecules
C) polar substances that repel water molecules
D) polar substances that have an affinity
A) nonpolar substance that repel water molecules
Which of the following contains nitrogen in addition to carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen?
A) an alochol such as ethanol
B) a monosaccharide such as glucose
C) a steroid such as testosterone
D) An amino acid such as glycine
D) an amino acid such as glycine
Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified:
A) as a pentose
B) as a hexose
C) as a monosaccharide
D) as a disaccharide
E) as a polysaccharide
D) as a disaccharide
A bobcat feeding on a white-tailed deer. It first eats the liver, which is rich in stored sugars. In what form would sugar be stored in the deer's liver?
A) Glucose
B) Maltose
C) Glycogen
D) amylose
E) Cellulose
C) Glycogen
Which two functional groups are always in amino acids:
A) ketone and aldehyde
B) carbonyl and carboxyl
C) carboxyl and amino
D) phosphate and sulfhydrl
C) carboxyl and amino
Which of the following is not a polymer
A) glucose
B) starch
C) cellulose
D) chitin
A) glucose
look at the picture
...
The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the (alpha) form. Which of the following could amylase break down?
A) glycogen
B) cellulose
C) chitin
A) glycogen
There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?
A) different carboxyl groups attached to an alpha carbon
B)different amino groups attached to an alpha carbon
C) different side chains (R groups) attached to an alpha ca
C) different side chains (r groups) attached to an alpha carbon
The alpha helix and the B pleated sheet are both common polypeptide forms found in which level of protein structure?
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
B) secondary
Enzymes are?
A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) nucleic acid
D) protein
E) hydrcarbon
D) protein
A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a
A) carbohydrate
B) fatty acid
C) protein
D) nucleic acid
E) hydrocarbon
B) fatty acid
Which of the following statement about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct?
A) The 5' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon or ribose
B) The 5' end is the 5th position on one of the nitrogenous bases.
B) The 5' end is the 5th position on one of the nitrogenous bases
The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA
A) is a 6-carbon sugar and the sugar in rna is a 5-carbon sugar.
B) can form a double-stranded molecule
C) has a six-membered ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms
D) can at
E) contains one less oxygen atom
The nucleotide sequence capable of pairing with 5' CGATTAGT 3' is ?
A) 5' CGATTAGT 3'
B) 3' GCTAATCA 5'
C) 3' CGATTAGT 5'
D) 5' GCTAATCA 3'
B) 3' GCTAATCA 5'
Egg whites consist primarily of water and the protein albumin. When you fry an egg, why does the egg white turn from clear to white?
A) The protein thinks Arvin is high
B) The protein acquires tertiary structure
C) the protein becomes denatured
D) the pro
C) the protein becomes denatured
A polymer with the sequence 5' ACGTACGAATAG 3' is a:
A) piece of RNA
B) piece of DNA
C) protein
D) polysaccharide
B) piece of DNA
The digestive enzyme pepsin works in the acidic environment of the stomach to hydrolyze peptide bonds. As a result, pepsin affects which macromolecule?
A) carbohydrate
B) protein
C) DNA
D) lipid
B) protein
The organelle that can collect, package, modify, and transport molecules is called the?
A) mitchondria
B) plasma membrane
C) vesicle
D) Golgi apparatus
D) Golgi apparatus
Microfilaments such as actin, microtubules, and the intermendiate filaments form the cell-supporting structure called the:
A) cytoplasm
B) cytoskeleton
C) nucleus
D) plasma membrane
B) cytoskeleton
Plant cells often have large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances is called?
A) central vacuole
B) centriole
C) nucleus
D) golgi body
E) chloroplast
A) central vacuole
Ribosomes are made up of:
A) only protein molecules
B) only RNA molecules
C) DNA and RNA
D)Protein and RNA
D) Protein and RNA
In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the organelles primarily involved in:
A) phospholipid assembly
B) export of enzymes
C) energy release
D) lipid synthesis
C) energy release
The nucleolus is the site of:
A) chromosome replication
B) uncoiling and unraveling of chromosomes
C) lipid synthesis
D) ribosome assembly
D) ribosome assembly
Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?
A) lysosome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondria
D) peroxisome
A) lysosome
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?
A) rough er
B) smooth er
C) golgi apparatus
D) nuclear envelope
E) Sarabone,
B) smooth er
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
A) rough er
B) lysosomes
C) plasmodesmata
D) golgi vesicles
E) tight junctions
A) rough er
The lipid layer that forms the foundation of cell membranes is primarily composed of molecules called?
A) phospholipids
B) fats
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates
A) phospholipids
On the out surface of the plasma membrane there are marker molecules that identify the cell type. Often these molecules are
A) ATP
B) amino acids
C) nucleotides
D) carbohydrate chains
D) carbohydrate chains