Abiotic factors
Things that affect ecosystems that are non-living (like weather patterns or terrain)
Biotic factors
Things that affect ecosystems that are living (number of predators in an area, types of plants in an ecosystem)
Energy flow direction
Energy flows from hot to cold environments
Biogeochemical cycles
How chemicals are recycled between living and things and the Earth (nonliving things)
Ecosphere
Part of the Earth that contains all the living things and ecosystems on Earth (interacts with the atmosphere when plants and animals go through the nitrogen and carbon cycles and the geosphere when living things die and are recycled back into the geospher
Atmosphere
Part of the Earth that contains all the weather changes (interacts with the hydrosphere through the water cycle and ecosphere when plants and animals go through the nitrogen and carbon cycles)
Geosphere
Part of the Earth that contains all land and rock (interacts with the ecosphere through the phosphorus cycle)
Hydrosphere
Part of the Earth that contains all the water (interacts with the atmosphere through the water cycle)
Carbon cycle
Process where carbon is recycled through plants (photosynthesis) and animals (cellular respiration)
Source of all energy
The Sun
Energy
What all organisms need to survive; all of it ultimately comes from the Sun
Carbon reservoirs
Large amounts of carbon stored in various places (like in the ocean, soil, or organisms)
Photosynthesis
Process that plants go through to convert sunlight and carbon dioxide into energy (sugar) and oxygen
Photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Law of Conservation of Matter
Law that states "matter cannot be created or destroyed-it can only change its form
Reactants
In a chemical reaction, these substances are the things that go through the chemical reaction and are changed during the reaction
Products
In a chemical reaction, these substances are things that are formed after the reaction is completed
Chlorophyll
Pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants; gives plants their green color
Photosynthesis reactants
6 carbon dioxide molecules, 6 water molecules, and sunlight (light energy)
Photosynthesis products
Sugar molecule (glucose) and 6 oxygen molecules
Glucose
Sugar molecule that is produced during photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Organelle where photosynthesis takes place
Cellular Respiration
Process where cells use oxygen to convert sugar into usable chemical energy
Mitochondria
Organelle that cellular respiration takes place in
Cellular Respiration reactants
Oxygen and sugar (glucose)
Cellular Respiration products
Water, carbon dioxide, and (releases) chemical energy
Photosynthesis
Process that provides the sugar (glucose) for cellular respiration
Cellular Respiration equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + chemical energy
Organic molecules
Molecules that contain carbon
Aerobic Respiration
Type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen to generate energy
Anaerobic Respiration
Type of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen to generate oxygen
Lactic acid
Waste product that is produced during anaerobic respiration
Transpiration
Evaporation of water from plants
Stomata
Openings found on the underside of leaves that allow gases in or out of the leaf
Who goes through cellular respiration
Plants and animals
Carbon cycle
How carbon is recycled through the living and non-living things (photosynthesis and cellular respiration)