Chromosomes
Rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins.
Histones
Maintain the shape of chromosomes and aid in the tight packing of DNA.
chromatid
Each half of the chromosomes.
Centromere
The point where two Chromatids are attached.
Chromatin
Less tightly coiled DNA-protein complex.
Sex Chromosomes
Determine the sex of the organism.
Autosomes
All the other chromosomes in the organism.
Homologous Chromosomes
Two copies of each Autosomes.
Karyotype
A photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human.
Diploid
Two sets of chromosomes. Body Cells.
Haploid
Sperm Cells and Egg Cells.
Binary Fission
The division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells.
Mitosis
Cell division that results in new cells.
Asexual Reproduction
Is the production of offspring from one parent.
Meiosis
Reduces the chromosome count by half in new cells.
Gametes
Haploid reproiductive cells.
Interphase
The time between cell division. (The Phase)
Cytokinesis
The division of the cells cytoplasm.
Prophase
The first phase of Mitosis.
Spindle Fiber
Radiate from the newly seperated centromeres to prepare for Metaphase.
Metaphase
The second phase of Mitosis, chromosomes are larger in this phase.
Anaphase
The third phase, chromatids of each chromosome seperate at the centromere and slowly move away from eachother.
Telophase
After the chromosome seperates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis.
Cell Plate
In a plant cell, midline of dividing cells. Becomes the cell wall eventually.
Synapsis
The pairing of Homologous Chromosomes.
Tetrad
Each pair of Homologous Chromosomes.
Crossing-over
Chromotids may break off and connect to adjacent Homologous Chromosomes.
Genetic Recombination
A new mixture of genetic material is created.
Independant Assortment
The random seperation of the Homologous Chromosomes.
Spermatogensis
The production of sperm cells.
Oogenesis
The production of mature egg cells.
Polar Body
The other three products of meiosis that eventually degenerate.
Sexual Reproduction
The production of offspring through meiosis and the union of a sperm and an egg cell.