The invention of the _________made the discovery of cells possible?
Microscope
Who first discovered a nonliving cell?
Hooke in 1665
Hooke used the name ______ to refer to the tiny empty chambers he saw when he observed magnified cork.
Cells
Who saw the first living cell in pond water?
van Leeuwenhoek
What are the 3 parts of Cell Theory
Number 1. All living things are made of cells
Number 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
Number 3. New cells are produced from existing cells
T/F The size of the image formed by a light microscope is unlimited because light that passs through mater is diffracted.
False, they can produce clear images only to about 1000x magnification
What are the 2 types of electron microscopes? What is the difference?
Transmission and scanning.
Transmission is 2D while scanning is in 3D.
T/F Fluorescent dyes help scientists see the movement of compounds and structures in living cells.
True
T/F Transmission electron microscopes form a 3-D image of the surface of a specimen.
False, scanning
What are the 2 types of cells? What are the difference?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes-no nucleus, smaller, simpler
Eukaryotes-nucleus, larger, more complex
What is an example of a prokaryote?
Bacteria
Name 2 similarities between the 2 types of cells.
Both contain genetic material (DNA)
Both surrounded by a flexible barrier called a cell membrane.
Your body is comprised of which type of cell?
Eukaryote
In many cells, the structure that controls the cell's activities is the... cell membrane, organelle, nucleolus or nucleus?
Nucleus
Despite differences in size and shape, at some point all cells have DNA and a....cell wall, cell membrane, mitochondrion or nucleus?
Cell membrane
What distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is the presence of...a cell wall, a nucleus, DNA or ribosomes?
Nucleus
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The portion of the cell outside the nucleus is called...?
Cytoplasm (found in both types of cells)
These "little organs" work together to perform many functions.
Organelles (found in both types of cells)
This is the control center of the cell and the largest organelle
Nucleus
The nucleus contains most of the cell's .....?
DNA
What 2 forms does the DNA take in the nucleus?
Wound up in chromosomes or thread-like
The nucleus is surrounded by a _______________ that is composed of pores to allow movement in/out of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope
The nucleus also contains this dense region. It produces ribosomes.
Nucleolus
These are saclike, membrane-enclosed storage units
Vacuoles
What do vacuoles store?
Water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
These store and move materials between organelles and the cell membrane.
Vesicles
What are the 2 roles of the central vacuole in plant cells?
Allow it to stand up, suport heavy structures like leafs, and store water (could say any two of these)
How are contractile vacuoles different from other types of vacuoles?
Rhythmically contract in order to pump water out.
What is known as the stomach of the cell? What are their purpose?
Lysosomes
Break down lipids, carbs and proteins for use by the cell. Also break down old organelles.
This is the support system for the cell, giving it shape and internal organization
Cytoskeleton
What is the cytoskeleton comprised of?
Protein filaments
What are the 2 types of protein filaments?
Microfilaments and microtubules
What are microfilaments made of? What is their purpose?
Protein called actin.
Support cell and create movement
What are microtubules made of? What is their purpose?
Protein called tubulin.
The keep the cell's shape.
What are the 2 types of microtubules that help the cell move?
Cilia and flagella
Proteins are assembled on these
Ribosomes
What are ribosomes made from? Where are they found>
Small pieces of RNA and protein.
Found in the ER
What does the ribosome use as "instructions" when making proteins?
DNA
This is where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled.
ER
What are the 2 types of ER?
Rough ER
Smooth ER
This is a flattened stack of membranes that modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for export
Golgi Apparatus
These are primarily found in plants and capture energy from sunlight and convert it to food
Chloroplasts
T/F Chloroplasts are never found in animal cells
True
These convert energy stores in food into compounds that are easier for the cell to use
Mitochondria
T/F Unlike chloroplasts, mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane.
False
T/F Nearly all the mitochondria in your cells were inherited from your mother.
True
T/F Both chloroplasts and mitochondria lack genetic information in the form of DNA
False
These provide a strong supporting layer around most prokaryotes and some eukaryotes.
Cell Walls
Most cell walls are...?
Porous
T/F The cell walls lie outside the cell membrane
True
T/F Not all cells contain a cell membrane?
False
What is the cell membrane made of?
Lipid bilayer
The cell membrane regulates what comes in/out of the cell. We call that.....
Semi-permeable
Embedded in the bilayer membrane are protein molecules that regulated what goes in/out of the cell. This is called what kind of model
Fluid Mosaic Model
What are the two major parts of the cell?
The nucleus and the cytoplasm
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What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes on the surface
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In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes carrying genetic material are found in the...ribosomes, lysosomes, nucleus or cell membrance
Nucleus
The organelles that break down lipids, carbs and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the cell are called....vacuoles, ribosomes, lysosomes or microfilaments
Lysosomes
Cell membranes consist mainly of lipid bilayers, carbs, protein pumps or proteins
Lipid bilayers
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