What is the round segment of DNA?
plasmid
What is the general term for changed DNA?
recombinant DNA
What is the DNA copy machine?
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
What do you call the enzyme that cuts DNA?
restriction enzyme
What was removed from the egg cell when they made Dolly?
The haploid nucleus
What is separated in Gel electrophoresis?
DNA
What did inserting lightning bug DNA into a tobacco plant prove?
That plants and animal DNA can go together
What do you call the cut end of DNA?
sticky ends
Where did they get the cell for dolly?
The adult uter cell
What is combining two types of DNA called?
hybridization
What is the ability for bacteria not to be affected by medications?
resistance
What does the term transgenic mean?
When different genes from different organisms are in the same organism (foreign DNA)
What is the term for 3 sets of DNA in an organism?
Polyploidy
What do breeders do to induce mutations?
Expose the organism to radiation
Where does human growth hormone come from?
Humans
What is the general term for changing DNA?
Genetic Engineering
In the process of ______________, animals are mated to produce desired ___________ in the next _____________ of ___________, such as dogs and horses.
Breeders can increase the _______________ in a population by inducing ___________, which are the source o
In the process of selective breeding, animals are mated to produce desired traits in the next generation of organisms, such as dogs and horses.
Breeders can increase the genetic variation in a population by inducing mutations, which are the source of gene
How can hybridization be used to produce plants with characteristics needed to increase food production?
Hybridization can be used to produce plants with the desired characteristics needed to increase food production by crossing the disease resistance of one plant with the food-producing capacity of another.
Describe a benefit and drawback of inbreeding?
A benefit of inbreeding is the continuation of desired traits into the next generation. A drawback is the possibility for genetic defect.
Explain why offspring of plants exposed to radiation may have characteristics not found in the original population.
Plants exposed to radiation may have characteristics not found in the original population is because radiation induces mutations.
Describe the process of DNA extraction.
The cells are opened and the DNA is separated from the other cell parts
What is the function of the restriction enzyme?
The restriction enzyme cuts in a precise pattern in the DNA.
For what purpose is gel electrophoresis used?
Gel electrophoresis is used to separate and analyze DNA fragments.
List the kinds of information that can be found by knowing the sequence of a DNA molecule.
1.
2.
3.
1. Know the genes
2. Compare different genes
3. discover functions of different genes.
How are fluorescent dyes used to color-code DNA during DNA sequence?
They are used to determine the order of its bases.
The process of producing recombinant DNA involves taking a gene from one organism and attaching it to the DNA of another organism. Write an analogy that describes this process.
The order of charms on a bracelet
What reasoning led Kary Mullis to search for a DNA polymerase enzyme in bacteria living in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park?
Mullis needed DNA polymerase that could withstand heat. He said that bacteria in hot springs have this.
Describe how you could get yeast cells to make a human growth hormone ?
Yeast cells could make a human growth hormone if the human gene for human growth hormone was inserted into the yeast DNA.
During ________ a cell takes DNA from ________ the cell which becomes part of the cell's ________.
During transformation a cell takes DNA from outside the cell which becomes part of the cell's DNA.
Describe the steps in the transformation of bacteria.
1. The gene is cut out using EcoR1.
2. The plasmid is cut open
3. The gene is inserted into plasmid
4. Plasmid inserted into the cell
What happens to the recombinant DNA during a successful cell transformation?
It produces the thing that has that DNA.
How might a plasmid be used to alter the characteristics of an organism?
Foreign genes for production of a new protein can be inserted.
Explain how a transgenic organism is made.
A gene from one organism is cut and spliced into another organism. The other organism grows and produces the gene.
How can genetic engineering be used to make a transgenic tobacco plant that glows in the dark?
Insert a gene for the glowing protein into tobacco cell, and grow plants that contain the gene.
Write the order of Wilmut's technique of cloning mammals
____ embryo is put into uterus of foster mother
____ nucleus of an adult cell from the animal to be cloned is put into the egg cell
____ nucleus of the egg is removed
____ cloned offspring is born
_
5 . embryo is put into uterus of foster mother
3 . nucleus of an adult cell from the animal to be cloned is put into the egg cell
2 . nucleus of the egg is removed
6 . cloned offspring is born
4 . normal cell division begins
1 . egg cell is taken from an
what medical products may result from research into transgenic plants and animal
Antibodies to fight disease organisms to produce human proteins