genes
segments of DNA on a chromosome
46
number of chromosomes human body cells have
23
number of chromosomes each parent cell (sperm or egg) contributes
homologous
chromosomes that make up a pair (one chromosome from each parent that codes for a trait)
gametes
sex cells
meiosis
reduction-division process that forms gametes; involved in genetic variation in organisms
interphase
cells carry out various metabolic processes including the replication of DNA and the synthesis of proteins
anaphase I
homologous chromosomes separate and migrate toward opposite poles
prophase I
synapsis occurs and crossing over can happen between homologous chromosomes
metaphase I
pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at the center of the cell and spindle fibers attach to the centromere of homologous chromosomes
anaphase II
sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromere by the spindle fibers and move toward opposite poles
4 unidentical cells
the end result of meiosis
2 sets of divisions
meiosis
asexual reproduction
organism inherits all of its chromosomes from a single parent
crossing over
exchange of genetic material in chromosomes which causes genetic variation in meiosis