In which type of symbiosis do both members benefit from their interaction?
Mutualism.
An axenic environment is one that:
Contains only one species, or is free of microbes.
Which of the following is false concerning microbial contaminants?
Most microbial contaminants will eventually cause harm.
The most frequent portal of entry for pathogens is:
The respiratory tract.
The process by which microorganisms attach themselves to cells is:
Adhesion.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in infectious diseases?
Incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence.
Which of the following are more likely to cause disease?
Highly virulent organisms.
The nature of bacterial capsules:
Affects the virulence of these bacteria.
When pathogenic cells lose their ability to make adhesins, they typically:
Become avirulent.
A disease in which a pathogen remains inactive for a long period of time before becoming active is termed:
Latent disease.
Which of the following statements is the best definition of a pandemic disease?
It is an epidemic that occurs on more than one continent at the same time.
Which of the following of epidemiologists is most like a detective?
An analytical epidemiologist.
Consider the following case. An animal was infected with a virus. A mosquito bit the animal, was contaminated with the virus, and proceeded to bite and infect a person. Which was the vector?
Mosquito.
A patient contracted athlete's foot after long-term use of a medication. His physician explain that the malady was directly related to the medication. Such infections are termed:
Endogenous infections.
Which of the following phrases a contagious disease?
A disease that is easily passed from host to host in aerosols.
A microbe that causes disease is called a
Pathogen.
Infections that may go unnoticed because of the absence of symptoms is called
Asymptomatic or subclinical infections.
The study of the cause of a disease is:
Etiology.
The study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted within populations is:
Epidemiology.
Diseases that are naturally spread from their usual animal hosts to humans are called:
Zoonoses.
Nonliving reservoirs of disease, such as a toothbrush, drinking glass, and needle are called:
Fomites.
___________ infections are those acquried by patients or staff while in healthcare facilities.
Nosocomial.
The total number of cases of a disease in a given area is its:
Prevalence.
An animal that carries a pathogen and also serves as host for the pathogen is a _________ vector.
Biological.
Endotoxin, also known as ________, is part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
Lipid A.