The rapid deterioration of neurons in the brain leads to nervous system dysfunction and disease. Neurons are arrested in the G0 of the cell cycle. What cellular process would researchers like to induce in neurons?
Mitosis
The correct order of developmental stages for the young zygote is
blastulation, gastrulation, organogenesis
The condition in which an individual is born with two female sex chromosomes and one male chromosomes (XXY) is referred to as
Klinefelter syndrome
Fungi reproduce using
mitosis, meiosis, and asexual reproduction
In the 1950s, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey performed a landmark experiment, in which they recreated the earth's early atmosphere in a flask. What four compounds were included in their experiment?
H2O, H2, CH4, and NH3
The blood vessels through which food and oxygen are released to the cells in the body are the
capillaries
Chemical reactions that have a positive ?G and require an input of energy from the surroundings to proceed are called ______ reactions
endergonic
Which of the following characteristics of the gene does not align with the principles of classical genetics?
Genes are transcribed into RNA and then protein
The group of epithelial cells that surround a developing egg inside the female reproductive system is called the
follicle
In a ______ mutation, an mRNA codon is changed into a stop codon
nonsense
The branch of the autonomic nervous system that calms and relaxes the body when necessary is the _____ division
parasympathetic
Phylogenetic trees of life are generally based on all of the following except:
behavior
The gastric juice that is secreted by the stomach during digestion, contains which of the following?
Pepsin
A pair of chromosomes that contain identical genes at identical loci are referred to as
sister chromatids
The bone in the forearm that is located on the same side of the arm as the thumb is the
radius
Many animals and plants that are found in deserts are dormant most of the year. The plants germinate in response to seasonal rains. What property of a community does this describe?
Temporal structure
Which of the following is not a coenzyme?
Zinc
The cell-mediated component of the immune system is regulated by which of the following?
T cells
What is the complementary mRNA sequence for the following DNA sequence:
3' - ATCGGGCATG - 5'
5' - UAGCCCGUAC - 3'
Animals that have a fluid-filled body cavity that is partially lined with mesodermal tissue are called
pseudocoelomates
Meiosis is responsible for the formation of gametes. If the gametes are different sizes, this condition is referred to as
heterogamy
Following the fertilization of the gametes, the zygote undergoes
mitosis and cleavage
The network of internal membranes inside the cell is called the
endoplasmic reticulum
According to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, what is the sequential flow of hereditary information in the cell?
DNA --> mRNA --> protein
The kidneys, gonads, heart, and blood vessels are derived from which of the following primary, embryonic germ layers
Mesoderm
Photosynthesis occurs in what part(s) of the chloroplast?
Stroma and Thylakoid membrane
Which of the following molecules is found in the plant cell wall?
Cellulose
The glands in the body that transport their chemical messengers to target issues through ducts are classified as
exocrine glands
A reaction in which the energy that is released by an exergonic reaction powers an endergonic reaction is referred to as a(n)
coupled reaction
If a scientific researcher wishes to induce the formation of erythrocytes from a population of cells, what type of embryonic stem cells can he or she use?
Totipotent, Multipotent, and Pluripotent
The region of the pharynx that serves as a passageway for air and food is the
laryngopharynx
Four enzymes involved in deoxyribonucleic acid replication
Helicase, Ligase, Polymerase and Topoisomerase
Amoebae belong to phylum sarcodina. All amoebae
are unicellular, heterotrophic, and pseudopodia
The process by which the genetic composition of a population changes by chance is referred to as
genetic drift
Which of the following molecules does not move freely across the plasma membrane by diffusion?
Glucose
A section of DNA that contains an operator, promoter, regulatory region, and DNA sequences that produce mRNa for multiple proteins is referred to as a(n)
operon
Three tenets of the cell theory
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. All cells come from cells
3. The smallest unit of life is the cell
Which of the following hormones is not produced by the adrenal gland and regulates the blood pressure in the body?
Renin
A small circular ring of DNA that is used as a vector to introduce foreign DNA into a host cell is referred to as a
plasmid
A mother goose will roll an egg that has been displaced from her nest back into the nest in the same manner every time. This is an example of
stereotype