OAT Biology - Test #9

The rapid deterioration of neurons in the brain leads to nervous system dysfunction and disease. Neurons are arrested in the G0 of the cell cycle. What cellular process would researchers like to induce in neurons?

Mitosis

The correct order of developmental stages for the young zygote is

blastulation, gastrulation, organogenesis

The condition in which an individual is born with two female sex chromosomes and one male chromosomes (XXY) is referred to as

Klinefelter syndrome

Fungi reproduce using

mitosis, meiosis, and asexual reproduction

In the 1950s, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey performed a landmark experiment, in which they recreated the earth's early atmosphere in a flask. What four compounds were included in their experiment?

H2O, H2, CH4, and NH3

The blood vessels through which food and oxygen are released to the cells in the body are the

capillaries

Chemical reactions that have a positive ?G and require an input of energy from the surroundings to proceed are called ______ reactions

endergonic

Which of the following characteristics of the gene does not align with the principles of classical genetics?

Genes are transcribed into RNA and then protein

The group of epithelial cells that surround a developing egg inside the female reproductive system is called the

follicle

In a ______ mutation, an mRNA codon is changed into a stop codon

nonsense

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that calms and relaxes the body when necessary is the _____ division

parasympathetic

Phylogenetic trees of life are generally based on all of the following except:

behavior

The gastric juice that is secreted by the stomach during digestion, contains which of the following?

Pepsin

A pair of chromosomes that contain identical genes at identical loci are referred to as

sister chromatids

The bone in the forearm that is located on the same side of the arm as the thumb is the

radius

Many animals and plants that are found in deserts are dormant most of the year. The plants germinate in response to seasonal rains. What property of a community does this describe?

Temporal structure

Which of the following is not a coenzyme?

Zinc

The cell-mediated component of the immune system is regulated by which of the following?

T cells

What is the complementary mRNA sequence for the following DNA sequence:
3' - ATCGGGCATG - 5'

5' - UAGCCCGUAC - 3'

Animals that have a fluid-filled body cavity that is partially lined with mesodermal tissue are called

pseudocoelomates

Meiosis is responsible for the formation of gametes. If the gametes are different sizes, this condition is referred to as

heterogamy

Following the fertilization of the gametes, the zygote undergoes

mitosis and cleavage

The network of internal membranes inside the cell is called the

endoplasmic reticulum

According to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, what is the sequential flow of hereditary information in the cell?

DNA --> mRNA --> protein

The kidneys, gonads, heart, and blood vessels are derived from which of the following primary, embryonic germ layers

Mesoderm

Photosynthesis occurs in what part(s) of the chloroplast?

Stroma and Thylakoid membrane

Which of the following molecules is found in the plant cell wall?

Cellulose

The glands in the body that transport their chemical messengers to target issues through ducts are classified as

exocrine glands

A reaction in which the energy that is released by an exergonic reaction powers an endergonic reaction is referred to as a(n)

coupled reaction

If a scientific researcher wishes to induce the formation of erythrocytes from a population of cells, what type of embryonic stem cells can he or she use?

Totipotent, Multipotent, and Pluripotent

The region of the pharynx that serves as a passageway for air and food is the

laryngopharynx

Four enzymes involved in deoxyribonucleic acid replication

Helicase, Ligase, Polymerase and Topoisomerase

Amoebae belong to phylum sarcodina. All amoebae

are unicellular, heterotrophic, and pseudopodia

The process by which the genetic composition of a population changes by chance is referred to as

genetic drift

Which of the following molecules does not move freely across the plasma membrane by diffusion?

Glucose

A section of DNA that contains an operator, promoter, regulatory region, and DNA sequences that produce mRNa for multiple proteins is referred to as a(n)

operon

Three tenets of the cell theory

1. All living things are made of cells.
2. All cells come from cells
3. The smallest unit of life is the cell

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the adrenal gland and regulates the blood pressure in the body?

Renin

A small circular ring of DNA that is used as a vector to introduce foreign DNA into a host cell is referred to as a

plasmid

A mother goose will roll an egg that has been displaced from her nest back into the nest in the same manner every time. This is an example of

stereotype