epithelial
covers body surfaces (inside and out) [skin, lining of intestines]
muscular
contains proteins enabling contraction; moves body parts
connective
support the body; connect parts [bone, blood, ligaments]
nervous
carry information in the form of electrical impulse
feeding
to get carbon and energy
respiration
take in O2, give off CO2
circulation
move materials around body
excretion
get rid of nitrogenous wastes
response
responding to environment
movement
how they move
reproduction
usually sexually
asymmetrical
no symmetry
radial
body parts repeat around the center
bilateral
body has two equal sides
blastula
hollow ball of cells
zygote
fertilized eggs
glastrula
early embryonic stage with 3 layers (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm)
blastopore
opening into gastrula (becomes the mouth or anus)
ectoderm
outermost layer
outer skin layers, nerves, sense organs
mesoderm
middle layer
muscles; circulatory, reproductive, excretory systems
endoderm
inner layer
respiratory system; lining of digestive tract
protostomes
animals in which the blastopore becomes the mouth
deuterostomes
animals in which the blastopore becomes the anus
cephalization
concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of the body
(in the head)
cephalization
seen in animals with bilateral symmetry
coelom
a fluid-filled body cavity that is lined with tissue from the mesoderm
acoelomates
animals with no body cavity
pseudocoelomates
animals with a body cavity (but not from mesoderm)
coelomates
animals with a coelom
invertebrates
animals that lack a backbone
vertebrates
animals that have a backbone
porifera
sponges sessile as adult slack true tissues asymmetrical
osculum
the large hole in the top of a sponge
(water exits here)
archaeocytes
amoeba-like cells that move around within the walls
choanocyte
flagellated cells used for creating a current, and feeding
filter feeders
organisms that sift microscopic food particles from water
cnidaria
hydras, jellyfish, sea anemone, and coral soft-bodied have tissues radial symmetry have stinging tentacles around mouth/anus
cnidocytes
stinging cells that line the tentacles
Nematocyst
the structure in the cell that contains a poison dart
polyp
the (usually) sessile stage; the mouth points upwards
medusa
the motile stage; the mouth points downwards
gastrovascular cavity
digestion
Jellyfish
medusa stage is dominant
hydras
polyp stage dominant
(no medusa stage)
sea anemone and corals
polyp stage dominant
(no medusa stage)
Platyhelminthes
flatworms soft-bodied, flattened worms have tissues and organs bilateral symmetry
(with cephalization) acoelomates
pharynx
a muscular tube that moves food/waste
ganglia
clusters of nerves that control the nervous system
eyespots
group of cells that can detect light (they like dark places)
hermaphrodites
individuals with both male and female reproductive organs
free-living flatworms
(this means they don't live in the body of another organism)
flukes
(parasitic flatworms that infect many different internal and external organs)
tapeworms
(parasites of intestines) no digestive tract
(they absorb food directly through their body walls)
Nematoda
roundworms unsegmented worms with tapering ends bilateral symmetry (with cephalization) pseudocoelomates
trichinosis
usually from eating incompletely cooked pork
Nematoda Example
filarial worms
Nematoda Example
ascarid worms
STUDY 7 ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS?
Yes
coelomate
...
pseudocoelomate
...
acoelomate
...
sessile
...