Urinary drugs include
diuretic drugs
potassium supplements
drugs used to treat UTIs
urinary analgesic drugs
urinary antispasmodic
drugs used to treat overactive bladder, BPH, prostatitis and ED
Diuretic drugs
keep sodium and potassium from bing reabsorbd from the tubules back into the blood
Diuretic drugs categories are
based on the site of drugs effect in the nephron of the kidney
Diuretic drugs categories
thiazide drugs
loop diuretic drugs
potassium-sparing
osmotic
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Thiazide drugs
act on the loop of Henle and distal convulted tubule in the nephron
Loop diuretic drugs
act at the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule, but they derive their action at the loop of Henle.
These drugs block sodium and potassium from being reabsorbed from the tubule back into the blood
Loop diuretic drugs:
Bumex (bumetanide)
Lasix (furosemide)
Potassium-Sparing diuretic drugs
act at the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle. They cause sodium and water to be excreted in the urine but they spare potassium by allowing it to be reabsorbed from the tubule back into the blood.
These are potassium-sparing diuretic drugs:
amiloride (Midamor)
spironolactone (Aldactone)
triamterene (Dyrenium)
Osmotic diuretic drugs
it is the presence of this drug in the filtrate within Bowman's capsule (which always stays in an inactive form) that causes the diuretic effect
This is an osmotic diuretic drug
mannitol (Osmitrol)
carbonic anhydrase
is an enzyme that is normally present inside cells in the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule. It reacts with carbon dioxide and water to produce bicarbonate and hydrogen
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Diuretic Drug
is used to treat edema associated with congestive heart failure (CHF)
acetazolamide (Diamox)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Combination Diuretic Drugs
contain a thiazide diuretic drug (hydrochlorothiazide) and a potassium sparing diuretic drug (amiloride, spironolactone, triamterne)
hydrochlorothiazide + triamterene
(Diazide, Maxzide)
Combination diuretic drugs
Potassium Suplements
are frequently prescribed for patients taking thiazide and loop diuretic drugs. Different forms: liquids, powders, effervescent tablets, caps, and tabs. Doses are measured in milliequivalents (mEq)
Drugs used to Treat UTIs
are particulary effective against gram negative bacteria
Categories of drugs to treat UTIs
*antibiotics: penicillin-type, cephalosporin, quinolone, fluroquinolone
*sulfonamide anti-infective drugs
*folic acid antagonist drugs
*other antibiotic drugs
ampicillin
(penicillin-type antibiotic drug) is structurally related to
cephalosporin antibiotic drugs
These drugs are used to treat UTIs as well as other types of infections in the body
ampicillin
cephalosporin
The suffix -floxacin is common to generic
fluoroquinolone antibiotic drugs
Sulfonamide drugs
also knowuns as "sulfa drugs" inhibit one step in the formation of folic acid by certain bacteria
Sulfonamide Anti-infective Drugs for UTIs
sulfadiazine
sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin Pediatric)
Folic Acid Agonist Drugs for UTIs
these anti-infective drugs block the formation of folic acid in bacterial cells
trimethoprim
(Primsol, Proloprim)
Folic acid anti-infective drugs
Other Antibiotic-Type Drugs for UTIs
These antibiotic-type drugs have a special affinity for the tissues of the urinary tract
nitrofurantoin
(Macrobid, Marcodantin)
Other antibiotic-type drugs for UTIs
Combination Antibiotic and Anti-infective Drugs for UTIs
These drugs contain an antibiotic drug (trimethoprim) and an anti-infective sulfa drug (sufamethoxazole)
sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim
(Bactrim, Septra)
Combination antibiotic and anti-infective drugs for UTIs
(for treatment of UTIs, prostatitis and other types of infections)
Urinary Analgesic Drugs
exert a local pain-relieving effect on the mucous membranes of the urinary tract
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Rimso-50)
pentosan (Elmiron)
phenazopyridine (Pyridium, Urogesic)
Urinary Analgesic Drugs:
Urinary Antispasmodic Drugs
these drugs relax the smooth muscle in the walls of the ureters and bladder and promote normal bladder function
flavoxate (Urispas)
oxybutynin (Ditropan)
Urinary antispasmodic drugs:
Combination antibiotic, analgesic, and antispasmodic drugs
Urised
(atropine, hyosciamine, methenamine, methylene blue, phenyl salicylate)
Pyridium
Pyridium Plus
turn urine red-orange in color
Dolsed
Urised
Urogesic Blue
turn the urine a blue-green color because of the presence of methylene blue
Drugs to treat Overactive Bladder
solifenacin (Vesicare)
tolterodine (Detrol)
Drugs to treat BPH
Androgen inhibitor drugs: finasteride (Proscar)
and alpha1-receptor blocker drugs: tamsulosin (Flomax)
Prostatitis
is an acute or chronic bacterial infection of the prostate gland due to urinary tract infection or STD. Is treated with antibiotic and anti-infective drugs
Drugs to treat Prostatitis
ciprofloxin (Cipro)
levofloxacin (Levaquin)
norfloxacin (Noroxin)
Drugs used to treat ED
*PDE5 inhibitor drugs for ED - inhibit the enzyme PDE5 that inactivates cGMP
*Prostaglandin E1 drugs for ED - acts locally to relax the muscle in the arteries of the penis
PDE5 inhibitor drugs for ED
sildenafil (Viagra)
tadafil (Cialis)
vardenafil (Levitra)
Prostaglandin E1 drugs for ED
(alprostadil)
Caverject, Edex - local injection (into de side of the penis)
Muse - pellet (insterted in the urethra)