anti infectives pharmacology review

Cefaclor (Ceclor)

(Cephalosporin related to penicillin)
Ask if patient is allergic to penicillin

Tinnitus

Ringing in the ears

Antagonism

Opposing action of two drugs in whch one decreases or cancels out the effect of the other

Culture and sensitivity

Causitive organism and the specific medication to which it is sensitive.

Isoniazid

used in asymptomatic treatment of TB for to 12 months to prevent development of disease

Ototoxicity

Damage to the eighth cranial nerve resulting in hear loss or ringing in the ears

Tums

Should not give with tetracycline

Teratogens

drugs that produce abnormalities in a fetus

Trough Level

the lowest level that a medicine is present in the body. In a medicine that is administered periodically, the trough level should be measured just before the administration of the next dose in order to avoid overdosing.

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

An antiviral
primarily used in the treatment of herpes, chickenpox, and shingles

Hepatotoxicity

Damage to the liver as an adverse reaction to certain drugs

Cephalosporins actions

stops cell wall synthesis and bacteria

Amphotericin B

Antifungal
used for IV treatment of severe systemic infections caused by susceptible fungi

Anti-viral agent

Valtrex
Famvir

Thrush

an oropharyngeal fungus
usually treated by Fluconazole (Diflucan)

Nephrotoxicity

Damage to the kidneys as a result of an adverse reaction to certain drugs

Rifampin

Causes discolored urine/ Orange

Flagyl

an synthetic antiBACTERIAL and antiPROTOZOAL agaent

Nystantin

oral antifungal medication to treat thrush
related to amphotericin B
poor intestinal absorbtion

Quinonoles (Tendon Rupture)

Risk for tendon rupture
do not give to patients under 18 or pregnant women

Ethambutal

used in conjunction with rifampin and pyrazinamide
In the initial treatment of TB
need color vision test prior to

Diflucan

Antifungal
most widely prescribed antifungal agent

Tetracycline [def]

Broad spectrum antibiotics used in the treatment of infections caused by rickettsia, chlamydia, or some uncommon bacteria
- causes discolored teeth

Cystalluria

crystals in the urine
may be caused by Sulfonamides, Quinolones,
give lots of fluid and provide patient education

Levaquin

A quinolone
Antibiotic used for UTI, GI Tract, sinuses, lower resp.,bones, joints, and gonorrhea

Treatment for superinfections

Antifungal medications, including:
buttermilk or yogurt in the diet
administering probiotics
to help restore normal intestinal flora

Nursing intervention prior to 1st dose of antibacterial medication

Culture and sensitivity

Macrodantin

Urine discoloration/Brown

Tamiflu contraindications

do not use in infants under 8 months old

Valtrex

Used for herpes
is converted to [acyclovir] as it is broken down in the body

VRE

vancomycin resistant- enterocci

Vancomycin

structurally unrelated to other available antibiotics
drug of choice of MRSA
oral form is not effective for treating systemic infections

2nd Generation Cephalosporin

(Cefaclor)
effective against gram positive and gram negative organisms

Alcohol usage with antibiotics

DO NOT DRINK

Hypersensitivity

Allergic or excessive response of the immune system to a drug or chemical

Aminoglycosides with other medications- precautions

Other ototoxic drugs
General anesthetics or neuromuscular blocking agents
Antiemetics

Piperacillin classifications

(Penicillin) beta-lactamase inhibitor

Linezolid

an anti-infective used to treat vre
MRSA/ Foot infection

vitamin B6 deficiency

may occur with use of INH in TB shots
Pyridoxine is usually given to prevent
symptoms include tingling in hands and feet

Assessment prior to starting TB treatment by the nurse

Do you wear contacts

Antivirals

Medications used to treat viruses, such as HIV or herpes
used within 24 to 72 hours of onset (rash, blister, etc)

Ribavirin

a drug with the broadest spectrum of antiviral activity
used via nasal or oral inhilation

Superinfection

A new infection with different resistance bacteria or fungi. usually associated with certain types of antibiotic therapy.

Tetracycline [Drugs]

Avoid exposure to sunlight

Nephrotoxicity [Drugs]

Aminoglycosides
Anti-fungals

Hepatotoxocity [Drugs]

TB
Sulfonamides

Beta-lactamase inhibitor

prevent the destruction of the penicillin with which they are combined, thus restoring or enhancing the intrinsic activity of the penicillin

Cephalosporin [Def]

semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic derivatives produced by a fungus
related to penicilins