alpha1
increases force of contraction of heart, increases BP, dilates pupils, decreases secretions, increasses bladder contraction and ejaculation
alpha2
inhibits the release of norepinephrine, dilates blood vessels, produces hypotension, decreases GI motility
beta1
increases heart rate and force of contraction, which increases BP
beta2
dilates bronchioles, promotes GI and uterine relaxation, promotes increase in blood sugar, and increases blood flow in the skeletal muscles
adrenergic drugs, sympathomimetics
Medications that mimic norepinephrin are called ___ __ or ________.
agonists
drugs which mimic the activity of neurotransmitters
alpha 1 &2, beta 1&2
what are the four types of adrenergic receptors?
adrenergic blockers (sympatholytics)
the parasympatheic branch depresses a response using ___ ___.
adrenergic blockers
What prevents the norepinephrine response at the adrenergic receptor sites?
cholinergic, acetylcholine
the parasympathetic branch is also known as the ____ system, because an ______ neurotransmitter is used to innervate muscle cells at the end of the neuron
acetylcholine
stimulate receptor cells to produce a response
acetylcholinesterase
What enzyme can inactivate acetylcholine before it gets to the receptor cell?
cholinergic agonists (cholinergic drugs, parasympathomimetics)
Drugs that mimic acetylcholine are ____ ____ because they produce a resopnse.
anticholinergic (parasympatholytics, cholinergic antagonists)
drugs that block the effect of acetylcholine
sympathomimetics (stimulants)
increase BP, increase pulse rate, relax bronchioles, dilate pupils, uterine relaxation, increase blood sugar
parasympathomimetics (stimulants)
decrease BP, decrease pulse rate, constrict bronchioles, constricts pupils, increase urinary contraction, increase peristalsis,
sympatholytics (depressants)
decrease BP, decrease pulse rate, constrict bronchioles
parasympatholytics (depressants)
increase pulse rate, decrease mucus secretion, decrease GI motility, increase urinary retention, dilates pupils
fight or flight
norepinephrine and acetylcholine neurotransmitters produce a ____________ response
fight, flight
sympathetic has a ____ response and parasympathetic has a ___ response
adrenergic
medication that stimulate alpha1-receptors and beta2 adrenergic receptors
dopaminergic
adrenergics stimulate the ___ receptor to dilate and increase blood flow
norepinephrine and acetylcholine
what are the 2 major neurotrasmitters in the ANS
cholinergic fibers
nerve endings that liberate acetylcholine
adrenergic fibers
nerve endings that secrete norepinephrine
norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine
What is the bodys naturally occuring neurotransmitter catecholamines?
noncatecholamines
have actions similar to catecholamines but are more selective for certain types of receptors, and are not as fast acting, and have a longer duration of action
alpha, beta and dopaminergic
the autonomic nervous system can be subdivided into ___, ____, ______ receptors
alpha 1
stimulation of ___ receptors causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels
alpha 2
appear to sever as meiators of negative feed back, preventing further release of norepinephrine
beta 1
stimulation of _____ receptors causes increase in the heart rate
beta 2
stimulation of ___ receptors causes relaxation of smooth muscle in the bronchi, uterus, and peripheral arterial blood vessels; vasodilation
dopaminergic
stimulation of ____ receptors in the brain improves symptoms of Parkinsons disease