-DIPINE
Ca+ Channel Blockers
Antihypertensive, Antiarrhythmic
-PRIL
ACE Inhibitors- Antihypertensive,
SE- ACE-inhibitor cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
-SARTAN
Angiotensin Receptor BLocker
Antihypertensive, not for pregnant women
Verampil
Ca+ Channel Blocker
No Grapefruit Juice!
-OSIN
Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist- Inhibits action of NE
Antihypertensive, BPH, Raynauds Disease
-TIDINE
H2 Receptor Antagonist- Anti-ulcer/anti-acid
Take at Bedtime; for ulcers take with meals
-PRAZOLE
Proton Pump Inhibitor- Anti-ulcer/anti-acid
interferes absorption with Ketocanazol and Digoxin
Sinemet
Carbidopa/Levodopa- Parkinson's Disease
SE: Dyskinesia, hypotension, dark sweat and urine, AGRANULOCYTOSIS,
Not to be taken with MAOIs
Cogentin (Benzotropine)
Parkinson's Disease
Used for Drug-Induced Extra Pyramidal D/O
Fosamax (Alendronate)
Bisphosphonate- Treat/prevent osteoporosis
Sit up for 30 min after administration
Take alone with plain water
Magnesium Sulfate
Anti-seizure- Preeclampsia, eclampic seizure prophylaxis
SE: flushing, HA, blurred vision, LOW BP
Mag Toxicity: loss patellar reflexes, SOB
(1.5-2.5 mEq/L)
-epam, -olam
Benzodiazepine: Anti-anxiety agents
-olol
Beta Blocker: Antihypertensive
Not for COPD, asthmatic pts.
In diabetic pts, blocks normal signs of hypoglycemia
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Direct-Acting Vasodilators- Hypertension
Give with meals
Dopamine (Intropine)
High-dose- vasoconstrictor, Stimulates heart muscles
Low-dose- dilates renal/coronary arteries
Dobutamine HCL
Stimulates B1 Receptors: for HF and Cardiogenic Shock
Heparin
Anti-coagulant- SE: bleeding, HITS
PTT: normal 20-45 sec. TR 1.5-2.5 x
Antidote: Protamine Sulfate
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Anticoagulant- SE: Bleeding
PT: normal 9-12 sec. TR 1.5-2.5 x
INR: TR 2.0-3.0
Antidote: Vit K (green vegies, pork, fish, rice, lots of dairy prod)
G,G,G
Garlic, Ginger, Ginkgo- herbs that increase bleeding (antiplatelets)
clozapine
Atypical Antipsychotic
SE: AGRANULOCYTOSIS- blood testing prior, during
-opram
SSRIs
SE: lots, wt losss, blood level changes
need suicide precautions (not with MAOIs), takes 1 month for full effects
-xetine, (Zoloft)
SSRIs
SE: lots, wt losss, blood level changes, dry mouth
need suicide precautions (not with MAOIs), takes 1 month for full effects
Haldol (haloperidol)
Antipsychotic
can cause extrapyramidal symptoms, dystonia, tardive dyskinesa.
Metabolized by liver
Compazine
Antipsychotic and used for severe N/V
Incompatible in a syringe for all other meds.
Biperiden (Akineton)
Antiparkinsons Agent:
Used to counteract EPS
Procainamide/ Norpace
Antidysrythmic
given to treat PVCs, Atrial Tachycardia,
Adverse SE is low HR, low BP
Cabamazepine (Tegretol)
Anticonvulsant (also in Trigeminal Neuralgia)
AGRANULOCYTOSIS, many drug interactions, photosensitivity, take with meals
Topamax
Anticonvulsant (intractable partial seizures)
stop immediately if eye problems.
Valium, Ativan, Dilantin
For Status Elipepticus
-STATIN
Antilipemic: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Decreases LDL,
SE: myopathy, liver metabolism, Take with food and at night
Tricor, Lopid
Antilipemic: Folic Acid Derivatives
Decreases total cholesterol, VLDL, and Trig.
Adm before meals,
SE: myalgia, abd pain
Terbutaline
Antiasthmatic, lung disease
tablets taken 3-4 x day, IH 4-6hrs prn
ALSO to halt preterm labor!!!
Isoniazid (INH)
TB- take 1-2 hours < meals (not recommened for >35 yrs)
AR: Peripheral neuropathy, Hepatotoxicity
SE: may cause hyperglycemia:
Rifampin
TB- take with food
AR: Hepatitis, Fever
SE: Orange urine, tears, salivia
Ethambutol
TB
AR: Optic neuritis
caution with renal disease
Pyrazinamide (PZA)
TB-2nd line
Hyperuricemia, Anemia, Anorexia
Abx: Sulfonamides
Treats IBS, infections
Can take with meals
Drink lots of fluid, may temporarily turn urine orange-red color
SE: peripheral neuropathy, stomatitis, photosensitivity,
Benzodiazepines
Anti-anxiety: CNS depression agents.
SE: sedation, confusion, hepatic confusion.
Caffeine decreases effectiveness
Nonbenzodiazepine Anti-anxiety
Buspirone (BuSpar)- Little sedation, used for GAD, no abuse potential. No alcohol or grapefruit juice.
>3 wks for effectiveness
(Vistaril)- No dependence or intoxication. SE: ataxia, leukopenia, hypotension.
Anti-Acids
Monitor electrolytes; Ph depletion, Mg+ toxicity, Na+ content.
Interferes with many abx, iron preparations, isoniazid (INH), OC, salicylates.
Abx: Aminoglycosides
Mice ears", SE: ototoxicity (CN VIII), nephrotoxicity, V/N/D, allergy, superinfection.
encourage fluids, small frequent meals
Abx: Cephalosporins
SE: bone marrow suppression, superinfection, rash, increased risk of bleeding
Take with meals, avoid alcohol (HA and flushing), cross allergy with PCN.
Abx: Fluroquinolones
Floxacin", treats, E.coli, anthrax
C&S < therapy, don't adm with iron preps, avoid caffeine
Abx: Macrolides
Erythromycin, Azethromycin
SE: Confusion, liver, superinfection.
increases effectiveness of Coumadin and Theophylline
good for pts with renal disease
Abx: PCN
SE: stomatitis, D, superinfection, hypersensitivity
if diarrhea take yogurt or buttermilk, good hx for allergy
Abx: Tetracycline
SE: discoloration of primary teeth or fetus, phototoxic reaction
Don't take with antacids, milk, iron preps, monitor kidney fx,
GU: Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin)
SE: D/N/V, Asthma attacks
Take with cranberry juice, not with almonds, milk
GU: Phenazophyridine (Pyridium)
Urinary tract analgesic.
turns urine bright orange, take with meals
GU: Anticholinergics
SE: anticholinergic (blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation urinary retention)
Not for Glaucoma b/c of pupil dilation, not for BPH, paralytic ileus
Anticholinergic meds
Atropine Sulfate (used for bradycardia),
Atrovent & Spiriva (asthma),
Cogentin (anti-parkinson's), Scopolamine (motion sickness)
Monitor for urinary retention, not for glaucoma
Dilantin
Anticonvulsant
SE: drowsiness, ataxia, blurred vision, gingival hypertrophy
give with water or food, red-brown or pink urine, good oral hygeine,
MAOIs
SE: hypertensive crisis if take with tyramine foods, wt gain, photosensitivity, OH
not to be taken with SSRIs or pseudoephedrine, d/c 10 days before general anesthesia, 4 wks for effectiveness
Tyramine-containing foods
aged cheese, sandwhich meats, figs, bananas, raisins, beer
Sulfonylureas
Gly-, Gli-" Stimulates insulin release.
SE: GI and dermatologic
Metformin (Glucophage)
BIGUANIDES
Metformin (Glucophage)
Decreases liver glucose production
Not for renal impairment or
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset)
ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset)
Delays digestion of CHO-
Take immediately before meal
(Avandia), (Actos) "glitazone
THIAZOLIDINEDIONES
(Avandia), (Actos) "glitazone
i.e. Decreases insulin resistance and inhibits gluconeogenesis
monitor liver function
Repaglinide (Prandin)
MEGLITINIDES
Repaglinide (Prandin)
Increases pancreatic insulin release
Don't take if missed meal
SE: Hypoglycemia
Anti-diabetics
Take before breakfast
Avoid alcohol
Colchicine (Colasalide)
Anti-gout
Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory
SE: GI upset, Agranulocytosis, peripheral neuritis
Probenecid (Benemid)
Reduces uric acid; increases absorption of Cipro abx
Give with food, milk, antacids,