hormones
Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands
Central nervous system
consists of brain and spine
peripheral nervous system
the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord
somatic nervous system
controls voluntary motor functions
autonomic nervous system
contras involuntary automatic functions
sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight" response
parasympathetic nervous system
feed or breed" or "rest and repose
synapse
space between nerve cells
primary neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are
acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine
synapses that use ACh as the neurotransmitter are called
cholinergic synapses
synapses that use norepinephrine as the neurotransmitter are called
adrenergic synapses
The sympathetic nervous system arises from the ______ and ______ region of the spinal cord.
thoracic and lumbar
adrenal medulla
inner part of adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
alpha 1 receptors
causes peripheral vasoconstriction, mild bronchodilation, and stimulation of metabolism
alpha 2 receptors
are inhibitory, they serve to prevent overrelease of norepinephrine in the synapse
beta 1 receptors
causes an increase in heart rate, cardiac contractile force, and cardiac automaticity and conduction
beta 2 receptors
causes vasodilation and bronchodilation
Medications that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system are called
sympathomimetics
medications that inhibit the sympathetic nervous system are called
sympatholytics
nicotinic n receptors
Ganglionic transmission of SNS and PNS, promotes release of epi from medulla
nicotinic m receptors
located at neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle, causes skeletal muscle contraction
muscarinic receptors
found in many organs throughout the body primarily responsible for promoting the parasympathetic response