Osteoporosis
In both older men and women, but particularly in postmenopausal women whose estradiol has decreased, the rate of bone resorption (breakdown) exceeds that of bone deposition, and this leads to osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis
is a thinning of the bone at the cellular level.
Risk factors for Osteoporosis
in both mena nd women include Caucasian or Asian race, slender build, smoking, alcohol use, and lack of exercise.
Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drugs for OSTEOPOROSIS
alendronate (Fosamax)
ibandronate (Boniva)
pamidronate (Aredia)
risedronate (Actonel)
zoledronic acid ( Reclast, Zometa)
Sally Field (Osteoporosis)
takes (Boniva), a tablet that only needs to be taken once a month
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Drugs for OSTEOPOROSIS
SERM drugs bind to estradiol receptors on cells and stimulate the receptors in the same way that estradiol does. This drug is used to prevent and treat osteoporosis.
ralxifene (Evista)
Historical Notes
(SERM) drug--tamoxifen-- was being used to treat breast cancer. It was discovered that, in patients who took tamoxifen for breast cancer, there was a positive effect on the bones. Researchers then created another SERM drug that did not have the severe sid
DRUG ALERT
pg 139
Calcium Supplements for Osteoporosis
the antacid Tums, which uses calcium to neutralize stomach acid has advertised that it has a secondary therapeutic effect of calcium supplementation for women, implying that it wouuld be helpful in preventing osteoporosis.
Combination Drugs for Osteoporosis
Fosamax Plus D (alendronate, vitamin D)
Actonel with Calcium (risedronate, calcium)
These combination drugs contain a bone resorption inhibitor drug (alendronate, risedronate) and calcium or vitamin D
Drugs Used to Treat Osteoarthritis
include drugs that reduce pain and inflammation by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins.
Osteoarthritis
also known as degenerative joint disease, occurs when cumulative damage ("wear and tear") causes degeneration of the cartilage pad and erosion of the bone ends inside a joint. The weightbearing joints (hips and knees), as well as those joints that are use
Salicylate Drugs for Osteoarthritis
Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is the most well-known drug in the salicylate class.
Acetaminophen for Osteoarthritis
Although acetaminophen is an analgesic drug, as in aspririn, acetaminophen lacks the ability to inhibit the production of prostaglandins and has NO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION. used to treat mild to mederate pain associated with Osteoarthritis.
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Osteoarthritis
NSAIDs are structurally similar enough to aspirin that some patients who are allergic to aspririn should not take NSAIDs.
diclofenac(Cataflam, Voltaren)
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)
Did you know
Cats and dogs with osteoarthritis are given the NSAID carprofen (Rimadyl). This drug belongs to the NSAID category of drugs, but it has never been approved for use in humans.
COX-2 inhibitor drugs for Osteoarthritis
celecoxib (Celebrex) pg. 142
DRUG ALERT
Vioxx, Bextra... greatly increased the risk of herat attacks and strokes. 1999. pg 142
Corticosteroid drugs for Osteoarthritis
given orally, because of the side effects associated with prolonged oral use, corticosteroid drugs are only prescribed to treat acute symptoms for a limited time. can also be injected dirrectly into a joint (intra-articular administration). They can also
Topical Drugs for Osteoarthritis
Capsaicin is a natural substance derived from (CHILE PEPPER PLANTS); it makes the skin and joint less sensitive to pain by diminishing sensory nerve signals.
capsaicini (Capsin, Zostrix)
Other drugs for Osteoarthritis
Hyaluronic acid is secreted by the synovial membraine of a joint and helps to maintain the lubricating quality of the synovial fluid.
Hyaluronic acid (Hyalgan, Snyvisc)
Hyaluronic acid (DID YOU KNOW)
Is derived from the combs of chickens! pg 144
Combination drugs for Osteoarthritis
contain a salicylate drug (aspriin, magnesium salicylate), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (diclofenac), and ANTACID drug (aluminum, calcium, magnesium), and/or a prostaglandin drug (misoprostol) to protesct the mucous membranes of the stomach.
Salicylate Drugs, NSAIDs, and COX-2 inhibitor drugs for Theumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is treated with many of the same drugs used to treat osteoarthritis. pg 145
Gold Compound Drugs for Rheumatoid arthritis
pg 145
auranofin (Ridaura)
Muscle Relaxant Drugs
cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
diazepam(Valium)
Fibromyalgia
is a disease in which specific, small trigger points along the neck, back, or hips are firm and very tender to the touch.
drugs used to treat fibromyalgia
a local anesthetic drug (lidocaine, procaine) injected into the trigger points, or an anticonvulsant drug(pregabalin).
cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
lidocaine (Xylocaine)
pregabalin (Lyrica)
procaine (Novacain)
Gout
caused by a metabolic defect that allows uric acid to accumulate in the blood. The kidneys are unable to excrete the excess uric acid, and it crystallized within the joints, causing pain and inflammation.
allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Spelling Tips
Several gold compound drug names contain Au the chemical symbol for gold: auranofin, Aurolate, aurothioglucose, ridAUra.