Gastrointestinal drugs
are used to treat diseases of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and gallbladder
Peptic Ulcer
is an ulcer located anywhere in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.
Peptic ulcers in the stomach
are specifically known as gastric ulcers.
Cause of Peptic ulcers
are caused by irritation of the mucous membranes that line the gastrointestinal tract.Asprin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alcohol, and caffeine also irritate the mucous membranes and can contribute to ulcer formation.
Drug name
a trade name drug is associated with just one generic name drug. An unusual exception to this is the trade name DULCOLAX... a laxative drug
Pg 115 Focus on Healthcare Issues
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Drug Alert
Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) dissolved in water is an old home remedy for indigestion and heartburn. Although sodium bicarbonate neutralizes acid, it is not recommended as a long-term treatment for heartburn because the large amounts of sodium it cont
Simethicone
is available as a drug to treat gas
Gas-X
Mylanta Gas
Mylicon Phazyme
H2 Blocker Drugs for Heartburn and/or Peptic Ulcer Disease
cimetidine (Tagamet)
famotidine (Pepcid)
rantidine (Zantac)
nizatidine (Axid)
HIstorical Notes pg 118
receptor
Proton pump inhibitor
drugs decrease gastric acid by blocking the final step of acid production within the gastric parietal cell.
Proton pump inhibitor
drugs are used to treat heartburn and peptic ulcers
(Carafate) sucralfate
Thisdrug binds directly to these areas, forming a protective layer of "bandage" over the ulcer, allowing it to heal.
Helicobacter pylori
are helical (spiral) bacteria that have flagella (thin, whip-like tails). They live in the gastric or duodenal mucosa and are the cause of some peptic ulcers.
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflex disease occurs when stomach acid refluxes or flows back into the esophagus, causing esophagitis with irritation, inflammation, and pain. GERD is treated with proton pump inhibitor drugs and gastrointestinal stimulant drugs.
Esomeprazole (Nexium) THE PURPLE PILL
available in the drug forms of a delayed release capsule and a powder that is reconstituted to be a liquid that is given intravenously.
Antispasmodic drugs
which are also known as anticholingeric drugs.
Antispasmodic drugs pg 121
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Antidiarrheal drugs
produce a therapeutic effect by slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract (anticholinergic drugs) or by absorbing extra water from diarrhea stools (absorbent drugs).
Narcotic Drugs for Diarrhea
Antidiarrheal drugs that contain opium, a narcotic drug, are categorized as controlled substances (Schedule III) drugs). As a category of drugs, narcotic drugs are most commonly used for their painrelieving properties. However, a common side effect of the
Laxative Drugs
are used for short-term treatment of constipation, with atention also being given to adequate water intake, dietary fiber/bulk, and other measures to promote bowel regularity.
Bulk-producing Laxative
drugs contain indigestible dietary fiber and other substances that absorb and hold water in the intestines to soften the stol. The action is the most natural and SAFEST OF ALL the laxative drugs.
(Colace, ex-lax Stool Softener, Surfak) docsate
Stool softener Laxative drugs
Bowel Evacuants/Enemas
These laxative drugs are given orally to evacuate the colon prior to surgery or endoscopic procedures.
Topical Corticosteroid Drugs
This drug is a corticosteroid drug that exerts amore powerful anti-inflammatory efects than aminosalicylic acid. It is administered as an AEROSOL FOAM that is placed in the rectum
Antiemetirc Drugs
are used to control nausea and vomiting associated with many different diseases. Bacterial or viral illnesses can directly irritate the intestinal mucosa and cause nausea and vomiting. Chemotherapy drugs, radiation, and some other drugs irritate the intes
Drugs given orally
All of these drugs are given orally with the exception of scopolamine (Transderm-Scop), which is manufactured as a small transdermal patch that is worn behind the ear.
Cyclizine (Marezine)
dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
meclizine (A
Drugs used to treat gallstones
although these drugs are effective, gallstones do recr in 50 percent of the patients who are treated.
chenodiol (Chenix)
monoctanoin (Moctanin)
ursodiol (Actigall)
Drugs used to treat Hemorrhoids
pg 129
Lipase Inhibitor Drugs for Obesity
chemically bond to he enzyme lipase so that it cannot break down dietary fat in the intestines. The fat is excreted rather than being absorbed into the blood.
orlistat (Alli, Xenical)
1997
the FDA removed from the market the popular weight control drug fenfluramine (Pondimin) and dexfenfluramine (Redux) Fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine were linked to cases of patients who developed primary pulmonary hypertension and valvular heart disease
Ipecac Syrup
induces vomiting