Psychotropic
Any substance affecting the mind.
Therapeutic effect on mental processes, emotions, or behavior
Psychotropic (classifications)
Classifications:
CNS stimulants
Antidepressants
Antimanic agents
Anxiolytics
Antipsychotic medications
*CNS stimulants
Promote CNS functioning
Uses:
Treat ADHD (frontal lobe responsible for impulse control)
Stimulate respiration in babies
Caffeine
Ritalin
Adderal
Also:
Modafnil
SNRI's: Strattera
*CNS stimulants
(side effects)
Side effects:
Nervousness
GI disturbances (anorexia, nausea, vominting)
Pediatric precautions
ADHD drugs: Category II drugs because of abuse by adults.
*Caffeine
CNS stimulant
*Ritalin
CNS stimulant
*Adderall
CNS stimulant
*Modafinil
CNS stimulant
Treat: narcolepsy, sleep apnea
Side effects: Headache nausea
Patient education: Need to determine cause of sleep disorder
*Strattera
CNS stimulant - SNRI
Nonstimulant and non-controlled
Treat: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Side effects:
Risk of suicidal tendencies
Decreased appetite
Nausea, vomiting
Strattera
*Antideptredssants
Treat depression (chemical imbalance)
Works on neurotransmitters: Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
Categories:
1. Tricyclic antidepressants
2. Monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
3. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
4. SNRIs
5. Hetero
*Tricyclics
Antidepressants
Delayed action: 2-4 weeks for therapeutic effect.
Amitripyline
Tofranil
*Amitripyline
Antidepressant - Tricyclic
*Trofanil
Antidepressant - Tricyclic
*Tricyclics
(side effects / contraindications)
Side effects:
Sedative effect (given at bedtime)
Dry mouth
Increased appetite, weight gain
Lethal OD
Contraindications:
Pregnancy
*MAOIs
Antidepressants
Rarely used today
Cannot be given until 2 weeks after tricyclics have been discontinued because of side effects.
Marplan
Nardil
Parnate
*Marplan
Antidepressant - MAOI
*Nardil
Antidepressant - MAOI
*Parnate
Antidepressant - MAOI
*MAOIs
(side effects)
Side effects:
Nervousness, agitation
Headache
Hypertension, hypertensive crisis
Interactions:
All other antidepressants
Foods containing tyamine, tryptamine, tryptophan
(Ex. yogurt, cheese, chicken, raisins, alcohol, fermented/aged foods: salami)
*SSRIs
Antidepressants
First-line treatment of depression
Better patient compliance because of fewer side effects
Prozac
Zoloft
*SSRIs
(side effects)
Side effects:
Nausea, anorexia
Insomnia
*Prozac
Antidepressant - SSRI
*Zoloft
Antidepressant - SSRI
*SNRIs
Antidepressant
Cymbalta
Effexor
Pristiq
*Cymbalta
Antidepressant - SNRI
*Effexor
Antidepressant - SNRI
*Pristiq
Antidepressant - SNRI
*Heterocyclics
Antidepressants
Fewer side effects than trycyclics
Wellbutrin
Remeron
*Wellbutrin
Antidepressant - Heterocyclic
Activating antidepressant
*Remeron
Antidepressants - Heterocyclic
Calming Antidepressant
Treat anxieties
*Anxiolytics
Antianxiety medications
Xanax
Ativan
Valium
*Xanax
Antianxiety - anxiolytic
*Ativan
Antianxiety - anxiolytic
*Valium
Antianxiety - anxiolytic
*Versed (midazolam)
(potent benzodiazepine)
Anxiolytics
Properative medications
Relieve anxiety
Provide sedation
Light anesthesia
Amnesia of operative events
*Antipsychotic Medications/
Major Tranquilizers
Relieve symptoms of psychoses.:
Thorazine
Mellaril
Relieve agitation and nausea & vomiting:
Compazine
Atypical antipsychotics:
Abilify
Zyprexa
*Antipsychotics / Major Tranquilizers
(side effects)
Side effects:
Extrapyramidal reactions (severe CNS symptoms)
- Parkinson symptoms
- Tardive dyskinesia
- Dystonic reactions
- Akathisia