Irony
It is when the intended meaning is completely opposite to their literal meaning. Situational : exact opposite of what you expect; Dramatic: Audience knows more than characters; Verbal : saying one thing but meaning another.
Symbolism
Something that stands for or represents something else.
Rhyming
It is when the end or final sound of two or more words are identical.
Internal Rhyming
a rhyme involving a word in the middle of a line and another at the end of the line or in the middle of the next
Repetition
It is when the the writer or speaker knowingly repeats a word or group of words for effect.
Onomatopoeia
Words that imitate sounds.
Allusion:
It is a reference to something literary, mythological, or historical that the author assumes the reader will recognize.
Idiom
It is an accepted phrase or expression that has a meaning different from the literal.
Vary sentence length
Using short and long phrases to create a dramatic effect.
Oxymoron
an expression in which two words that contradict each other are joined
Colloquial Language
This is informal language; language that is "conversational". Think about it as what you would say to your friends in a conversation, not what you would say in a formal speech.
Antithesis
a figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are the opposites of, or strongly contrasted with, each other
Parallel Structure/Parallelism
the repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence. By making each compared item or idea in your sentence follow the same grammatical pattern, you create a parallel construction.
Pun
This is a play on words, often achieved through the use of words with similar sounds but different meanings.
Enjambment
The practice of running lines of poetry from one line to the next without any kind of punctuation to indicate a stop
Imagery
1. Imagery: It is the use of figurative language to create visual representations of actions, objects and ideas in our mind in such a way that they appeal to our physical senses.
Simile and Metaphor
Both compare two dissimilar nouns and draws similarity between them. The difference is that Simile is an indirect comparison that uses "as" or "like" and Metaphor is a direct comparison that does not use "as" or "like
Hyperbole
It is deliberate, gross exaggeration of actions and ideas for the sake of emphasis.
Personification
It gives a thing, an idea or an animal human qualities. This can be any human trait-- qualities, feelings, actions, or characteristics.
Alliteration
It refers to the repetition of the same initial letter, sound, or group of sounds in a series of words. Alliteration includes tongue twisters
Consonance
It is the repetition of a consonant sound. There should be at least two repetitions in a row, and they can occur at the beginning, middle, or end of words in the same phrase. Note: It should NOT be only the initial sound because that is alliteration.
Assonance
It is the repetition of a vowel sound in NON-RHYMING words. There should be at least two repetitions in a row, and they can occur at the beginning, middle, or end of words in the same phrase. Remember, you should not have a series of words that rhyme!