historical reality
persons, events, or things in the OT that are types of things in the NT, the types were persons who lived, events that happened, and things that were seen.
prefiguring
a type has a predictive of foreshadowing element to it
heightening
the antitype is greater than and superior to the type, there is an increase
divine design
resemblances planned by God
resemblance
a similarity or correspondence exists between the type and antitype
type
shadow; mark, form, pattern, model, example
antitype
fulfillment; speaks of something corresponding, a pattern
symbol
a throwing together
paranomasia
using the same words or similar-sounding words to suggest different meanings; "a play on words
onomatopoeia
the occurrence of a word which by its very sound suggests the meaning
oxymoron
a combining together of terms that are opposite of contradictory
paradox
a statement that is seemingly absurd or contrary to normal opinion
hyperbole
a deliberate exaggeration, more is said than literally meant, in order to add emphasis
litotes
an understatement or a negative statement to express an affirmation
irony
a kind of ridicule expressed indirectly in the form of a compliment
pleonasm
a depiction of similar words
ellipsis
an omission of a word/words that must be supplied to complete the sentence grammatically
zeugma
the joining of 2 nouns to 1 verb when logically only one of the nouns goes with the verb
appsiopesis
sudden break in a sentence as if the speaker were not able to finish
rhetorical question
as if it does not require a verbal response and is given to force the reader to answer in his mind and to consider the implications of the answer
simile
one thing explicitly resembles another
metaphor
one thing is, acts like, or represents another
hypocatastasis
the likeness is implied by a direct meaning
what is a figure of speech?
a word or phrase that is used to communicate something other than its literal, natural meaning
fable
a fictitious story on which animals or inanimate objects are personified to teach a moral lesson
allegory
a narrative or word picture which may or may not be true-to-life, with many parts pointing symbolically to spiritual realities
why are figures of speech used?
they add color or vividness, attract attention, make abstract or intellectual ideas more concrete, aid in retention, abbreviate an idea, encourage reflection
5 questions when studying the prophecies of the bible
1. what is conditional/unconditional?
2. what is figurative or symbolic/nonfigurative?
3. what is fulfilled, and what, as a, "far" fulfillment, remains to be fulfilled?
4. what is interpreted by God in the passage?
5. what is interpreted in parallel passa
4 basic tenets of postmillennialism
1. the church is not the kingdom but it will bring the kingdom to the earth by preaching the Gospel
postmillennialism
2. Christ will not be on the earth during the kingdom, He will rule in the hearts of people, and he will return to the earth after the millenium
postmillennialism
3. the millennium will not last for a literal 1,000 years
postmillennialism
4. the church, not Israel, will receive the fulfillment of the promises to Abraham and David in a spiritual sense.
what is covenant theology and what are the 3 major themes of covenant theology?
1. the church consists of God's redeemed people of all ages, not just those in the present age between the day of the pentecost and the rapture.
2. the Abrahamic, Davidic, and New Covenants are fulfilled in the present age.
3. the purpose of God's program
how should we interpret figures of speech?
sometimes a figure of speech is not recognized as such and the statement is therefore misunderstood
sixth characteristic or element of a type
the type and the antitype are designated as such in the NT
if that which appears to be a type does not meet the six elements then rather being a type they are called _____________ or ____________.
illustration or truth
interpreting parables
determine the problem, question or situation that prompted the parable, helps point up the proper analogy between the life incident He related and the spiritual truth He was making in the parable
interpreting parables
ascertain the main truth being illustrated by the parable by stating one spiritual truth
interpreting parables
validate the main truth of the parable with direct teaching of scripture: some words clearly identify the meaning of the scripture
interpreting parables
note the actual or intended response of the hearers: the response usually gives a clue to the meaning of the parable
dispensations theology
1. the church is distinct from Israel
2. the purpose of God's program is doxological to bring glory to Himself.
6 reasons why we study prophecy:
1. prophecy comforts
2. prophecy calms
3. prophecy converts
4. prophecy compels
5. prophecy cleanses
6. prophecy clarifies
prophecy comforts
thessalonian believers were assured that believing loved ones who had already died would precede the Rapture of the saints, which this news provided comfort and encouragement
prophecy calms
christians rest in the fact that God knows and controls the future
prophecy converts
the book of acts mentions God's plan for the future as a result a number of people became believers in Christ
prophecy compels
Believers should stand firm, letting nothing move them and always giving themselves "fully to the work of the Lord" (1 Cor 15:58)
prophecy cleanses
Believers should "make every effort to be found spotless, blameless, and at peace with Him." (2 Peter 3:14)
prophecy clairifies
bible prophecy presents many details about what God will do in the future, this presents a pattern of God's future program for the church, the world, unbelievers, nations, and Satan
how do you know if an expression of figurative or literal?
the figurative sense is intended if the literal would involve an impossibility
3 guidelines for interpreting allegories
1. note the points of comparison that are explained or interpreted in the passage
2. do not attempt to interpret details in allegories that are not explained
3. determine the main point of teaching
10 figures of speech involving substitution
1. metonymy
2. synecdoche
3. merism
4. hendiadys
5. euphemism
6. personification
7. apostrophe
8. anthropomorphism
9. anthropopathism
10. zoomorphism
metonymy
the substituting of one word for another
synecdoche
the substituting of a part of something for the whole or the whole for the part
merism
a form of synecdoche in which the totality or whole is substituted by two contrasting or opposite parts
hendiadys
substituting of two coordinate terms for a single concept in which one of the elements defines the other
euphemism.
the substituting of or an inoffensive or mild expression for an offensive or personal one
personification
the ascribing of human characteristics or actions to inanimate objects or ideas or to animals
apostrophe
a direct address to an object as if it were a person, or to an absent or an imaginary person as if he were present
anthropomorphism
the ascribing of human characteristics or actions to God
anthropopathism
ascribes human emotions to God
zoomorphism
ascribes animal characteristics to God
3 reasons why Jesus spoke in parables
1. they revealed truths to His followers and revealed the hardened hearts of those who didn't believe.
2. they were an effective form of communication and sparked interest in the hearers
3. they encouraged people to think
true or false: all parables in some way refer to the kingdom of God
true
what is the difference between allegory in scripture and the allegorical method of interpretation?
scripture: the reader should ask, what is the major truth being taught by the allegory?
and, it is an approach that searches for deeper meanings.
interpreting parables
note the story's natural meaning: first understanding a passage in its normal grammatical sense, without reading something into the passage
5 basic tenets of Amillennialism
1. the kingdom is in existence now between Christ's two advents.
Amillennialism
2. the kingdom is either the church on earth or the saints in heaven
Amillennialism
3. the promises to Israel about a land, nationality, and throne are being fulfilled now in spiritual way among believers in the church
Amillennialism
4. God's promise to Israel were conditional and have been transferred to the church because the nation did not meet the condition of obedience to God
Amillennialism
5. Christ is ruling now in heaven where He is seated on the throne of David and Satan is now bound between Christ's two advents
parable
it is a form of figurative language involving comparisons
what is the difference between a parable and a similitude?
similitude refer to customary habits on the present time, and parables record a specific interest using present tense
3 basic tenets of Premillennialism
1. Christ will reign at the end of this age and will reign with his saints on the earth for 1,000 years as king
Premillennialism
2. in the millennium, the nations of Israel will experience the blessings of God promises to Abraham and David pertaining to Israel's land
Premillennialism
3. the Church today is not fulfilling these promises made to Israel as a nation
what is the difference between a figure of speech and an idiom?
a figure of speech, which is an expression peculiar to a given language or to people in a certain geographical location
hermeneutics
the science and art of biblical interpretation
exegesis
the determination of the meaning of the biblical text in its historical and literary context
exposition
the communication of the meaning of the biblical text along with its relevance to present day hearers
homiletics
the science and art by which the meaning and relevance of the biblical text are communicated in a preaching setting
pedagogy
the science and art by which the meaning and relevance of the biblical text are communicated in a teaching setting
allegory
searching for hidden meaning or a secret meaning underlying but remote from and unrelated in reality to the more obvious meaning of the text
syntax
to place in order together" the way in which words are put together to form phrases, clauses, or sentences
etymology
the study of how words are derived and developed
morphology
the study of the form of words
lexicology
the study of the meaning of words