alliteration
the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words
allegory
using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction - in addition to the literal meaning
allusion
a direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art
anaphora
one of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences
ballad
tells story, folktale, short and musical
apostrophe
a figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love; it's an address to someone or something that cannot answer; that effect is to give, vent to, or give intense emotion
apotheosize
when an individual is elevated to a god-like status
concrete poetry
makes a shape
conceit
a fanciful expression in writing or speech; an elaborate metaphor
connotation
the nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning
consonance
the recurrence of similar sounds, especially consonants, in close proximity
couplet
two successive lines of verse that form a unit, marked by rhythmic correspondence or rhyme
dramatic monologue
a poem in the form of a speech or narrative by an imagined person, in which the speaker inadvertently reveals aspects of their character while describing a particular situation or series of events; reveals character's thoughts
dramatic poetry
any drama that is written in verse that is meant to be recited; tells story, characters speak
elegy
a sad poem, usually written to praise and express sorrow for someone who is dead
figurative language
uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation
literal language
means exactly what it says
haiku
a traditional form of Japanese poetry; consist of 3 lines- first and last lines have 5 syllables and the middle line has 7 syllables; The lines rarely rhyme
hyperbole
a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement
idyll
an extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque episode or scene, typically an idealized or unsustainable one
lyric poetry
a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person; expression of one's soul
metaphor
a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable
metonymy
a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it
ode
a lyric poem in the form of an address to a particular subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied or irregular meter
onomatopoeia
a figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words
oxymoron
a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradict terms to suggest a paradox
paradox
a statement that appears to be contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity
parody
a work that closely imitates the style of content of another with the specific aim of come effect and/or ridicule
personification
a figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions
pun
a play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings or by explaining similar sounding words having different meanings
refrain
a repeated line or number of lines in a poem or song, typically at the end of each verse
rhyme
correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words, especially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry
end rhyme
comes at the end of the two successive lines
internal rhyme
occurs within a single line or a verse
rhyme scheme
the ordered pattern of rhymes at the ends of the lines of a poem or verse
rhythm
pattern of stresses and un-stresses
iamb
a metrical foot consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable; smile THEN accent
trochee
a foot consisting of one long (or stressed) syllable followed by one short (or unstressed) syllable; accent THEN smile
meter
the rhythm of a piece of poetry, determined by the number and length of feet in a line; arrangement of stresses that achieves order
tetrameter
a verse of four measures
pentameter
a verse consisting of five metrical feet
scan
analyze the meter of (a line of verse) by reading with the emphasis on its rhythm or by examining the pattern of feet or syllables; conform to metrical principles
simile
a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things, using "like" or "as
sonnet
14 line poem written in iambic pentameter, which employ one of several rhyme schemes and adhere to a tightly structured thematic organization
Shakespearean sonnet
14 lines; written in iambic pentameter; each line consists of ten syllables; problem in first 8 lines-solution in last 6 lines
stanza
a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse
quatrain
a stanza of four lines, especially one having alternate rhymes
symbol
anything that represents itself & stands for something else
synecdoche
a type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole/the whole for a part
tone
the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.
verse
writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme
voice (speaker)
the form or format through which narrators tell their stories
wit
a statement that is humorous, while suggesting the speaker's verbal power in creating ingenious & perceptive remarks