Statistics
The scientific discipline that provides methods to help us make sense of data
Population
The entire collection of individuals or measurements about which information is desired
Sample
A part of the population selected for study
Descriptive statistics
Branch of statistics that includes numerical, graphical, and tabular methods for organizing and summarizing data
Inferential Statistics
Branch of statistics that includes methods for generalizing from a sample to a population
Variable
Any characteristic whose value may change from one individual or object to another
Data
Observations made either on a single variable or simultaneously on two or more variables
Categorical Data
Individual observations are categorical responses (nonnumerical)
Numerical Data
Individual observations are numerical (quantitative) in nature
Univariate data set
A data set consisting of observations on a single characteristic
Bivariate data set
A data set consisting of observations on two characteristics
Multivariate data set
A data set consisting of observations on more than two characteristics
Discrete numerical data
Data for which possible values are isolated points along the number line
Continuous numerical data
Data for which possible values form an entire interval along the number line
Frequency distribution for categorical data
A table that displays frequencies, and sometimes relative frequencies, for each of the possible values of a categorical variable
Bar chart
A graph of a frequency distribution for a categorical data set. Each category is represented by a bar and the area of the bar is proportional to the corresponding frequency or relative frequency
Dotplot
A graph of numerical data in which each observation is represented by a dot on or above a horizontal measurement scale.
Statistics
The scientific discipline that provides methods to help us make sense of data
Population
The entire collection of individuals or measurements about which information is desired
Sample
A part of the population selected for study
Descriptive statistics
Branch of statistics that includes numerical, graphical, and tabular methods for organizing and summarizing data
Inferential Statistics
Branch of statistics that includes methods for generalizing from a sample to a population
Variable
Any characteristic whose value may change from one individual or object to another
Data
Observations made either on a single variable or simultaneously on two or more variables
Categorical Data
Individual observations are categorical responses (nonnumerical)
Numerical Data
Individual observations are numerical (quantitative) in nature
Univariate data set
A data set consisting of observations on a single characteristic
Bivariate data set
A data set consisting of observations on two characteristics
Multivariate data set
A data set consisting of observations on more than two characteristics
Discrete numerical data
Data for which possible values are isolated points along the number line
Continuous numerical data
Data for which possible values form an entire interval along the number line
Frequency distribution for categorical data
A table that displays frequencies, and sometimes relative frequencies, for each of the possible values of a categorical variable
Bar chart
A graph of a frequency distribution for a categorical data set. Each category is represented by a bar and the area of the bar is proportional to the corresponding frequency or relative frequency
Dotplot
A graph of numerical data in which each observation is represented by a dot on or above a horizontal measurement scale.