5.6
What were the key points of Jefferson's party regarding: foreign relations, the size of the
military, taxes and federal spending, trade in general?
Democratic Republican
Kept Hamilton's Financial plan
Foreign relations:
Loved France but followed Washington's "STAY NEUTRAL" policy.
Military size:
He cut military and wanted a smaller army.
Taxes and Fed spending and jobs:
Jefferson cut them/began the p
WHat was the most important land acquisition of Jefferson's Presidency and where
geographically was it located? How did it change the size of the USA?
The Louisiana Purchase (1803)
West of the Mississippi River
It doubled the US in size
Why was Jefferson interested in controlling New Orleans? What offer did Napolean make? How did Jefferson justify the purchase on constitutional grounds?
He was interested because Spain was not allowing the US to use the New Orleans port without taxes and buying it would allow for him to control the trade port there.
Jefferson offered Napoleon $10mil if he gave him the harbor but Napoleon offered him the w
How did the purchase relate to the "Jeffersonian" dream?
Jefferson is all about (dreams about) independent farmers(ing) and that much more land provides abundant amounts of new farm land and opportunities.
What was the Lewis and Clark expedition? How far did it extend?
It was a fed funded scientific expedition that was made for the purpose of seeing the new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase. They traveled across the Rockies all the way to GEORGIA and then back.
It gave us maps, and knowledge of plants and animal
Who was Jefferson's biggest opponent during his Presidency - the last "Federalist" standing?
John Marshall
He was Chief Justice in Supreme Court and was constantly trying to over-power Jefferson.
Briefly describe some of the controversies in which Aaron Burr was involved.
Federalist conspiracy:
-Flips sides and becomes a fed
-Runs for governed in NY
- (BURR'S SUCCESSION PLAN is to combine NY and New England and then have them break away from the union)
- this all fails
Duel with Hamilton:
Burr kills Hamilton (as we all kno
What was the major source of trouble on the seas during Jefferson's Presidency and what policy became difficult for him to maintain because of this ongoing strife?
Barbary Pirates:
US fights pirates in Tripoli because they were threatening the US.
- this gains America respect and helps with trade
Napoleonic Wars:
Napoleon/France (who owns all of Europe at the time) goes to war with Britain
- Brit has better Naval po
What was Jefferson's 1807 Act that was in response to this problem? WHat effect did it have on the economy? On his popularity as a leader?
Embargo Act:
(Embargo- refusal to trade with another country)
No American ships will enter any foreign ports
- destroys economy
- north (New England) hates it
- has no effect on Brit
- ultimately fails
The American people don't like it
Who succeeds Jefferson as President and what is his political affiliation and his most famous accomplishment prior to becoming President?
James Madison
Democratic Republican
He was Jefferson's Secretary of State
He wrote the Constitution
5.7
What conflict and problem continued during Madison's presidency? Did diplomatic attempts to resolve this conflict work?
Problems:
Napoleonic war- Brit and France still sinking ships
Diplomatic events:
Nonintercourse Act (1809)
- "I'm not going to war! We'll go back to trading... but not with Brit and France"
-Brit ans France don't care
Macon's Bill No 2
- "We'll trade with
The War of 1812 was between ________- and ___________. WHat were the two main reasons
for going to war, from an American perspective?
Britain and America
Reason 1:
(America thought both Brit and France were bad but they decided to fight Brit because...)
•Free trade and the seas
- Brit was impressing (taking sailors) both French and American sailors and so they became the "bad guys"
Re
Who were the War Hawks?
Young men from the frontier who were passionate, excited, go getters (not in necessarily in a positive way).
They were pro war.
Their main motives were to grain America respect and defend America's honor.
Which sections of the country were pro war and which were anti-war?
Pro war- South and West
Anti war- North (NY, NJ, New England)
WHat did America attempt to invade for the last time during the war?
They attempted a three part invasion on CANADA
- failed
How far into USA territory did British troops get?
Into Washington D.C
- burned the White House and capitol building there.
They tried to take Baltimore as well but the city held out against the siege.
Where does our national anthem come from?
The city of Baltimore holding out all night against the siege from the British in 1814
Who repelled all attempts to establish British presence in the South - Alabama and New
Orleans?
Andrew Jackson
What treaty ended the war?
Treaty of Ghent
- America held its own against the most powerful (Brit) established army at the time
What were the basic outcomes of the war?
•America got respect
- they stood up to Brit
•America recognized Canada as a friendly neighbor
•The Federalist party basically dies
- because the looked like traitors during the Hartford Convention
•The Native Americans now have no allies
• Amer
What was the Hartford Convention? What motivated it? What is its significance for the future?
It was the eastern seaboard states (New England)
They get together to discuss if they should secede (remove themselves from the union)
Because Madison (feds) were fighting a war they didn't approve of because it was damaging them.
Felt he broke the social
How did the war effect American economy overall?
It effected it baldy
5.8
The Era of Good Feelings describes whose Presidency? ( 1816, after Madison)
James Monroe
Define Nationalism.
pride in one's country above all others.
WHat are the key components of Henry Clay's American System? How does it compare to
Hamilton's financial plan?
Hamilton+ (a lot of money)
•Tariffs- "buy America made!"
•National bank
•Fed government pour money into infrastructure (roads/canals)
-Monroe vetoes this- because the feds are "old school".
-Is stretching the Constitution
What are some of the main reasons for the population boom in the West of the USA?
Immigration
high birth rate (8 babies on average)
Land was cheap- opportunity
Social mobility
Why was the application of Missouri for statehood controversial?
Senate was equally cut between slave and no slave states
Missouri could tip the balance of votes in the senate
What were the TWO parts of the Missouri Compromise?
1. Missouri can be a slave state but Maine becomes a state at the same time as a free state.
2. 36 30 line
- any new states
- above the line = free
- below the line = can have slaves
WHat were the major long term effects of the Missouri Compromise?
Positive:
Resolved the tension - working compromise
Negative:
Increased sectionalism
5.9
The Rush Bagot Agreement with Canada established what kind of relationship between the two countries? Where is the border set?
Canada and the US became bEst friends because of it.
The border is set at the 49th parallel (border on the North) above the Louisiana Purchase
WHat problem existed in Florida after Spain withdrew troops to deal with South American
uprisings?
Outlaws, seminoles, runaways, slaves, and white criminals start to come into the "empty" land
-they start to raid US territory and then flee to Florida
How did General Andrew JAskcon deal with the problem? What were some possible
international reactions to these actions ( didn't happen but seemed likely)
Monroe asked him to go into Florida and take care of it and so he does.
Jackson gets it done by marching into Florida, burning Seminole villages, hangs chieftain, and arrests and hangs 2 Brit officials. Drives out Spanish government, and anyone else he th
What was Spain's actual response ? ( The Adams Onis Treaty - what did it do?)
Spain sells Florida for 5mil and instead concentrates on South America.
America also just lets Spain keep Texas because they got Florida.
During Monroe's Presidency, what was the feeling about republicanism in Europe and why?? What "threat" did this seem to raise in the New World?
Napoleon had been defeated- kings of Europe decide the age of reason is bad
Let's reestablish monarchy
Gonna help Spain re established monarchy
-thought- were in a reactionary mood
What was Britain's proposal to deal with this perceived threat and what was John Quincy Adams (Sec of State) reason for refusing this?
England says "let's make a joint declaration warning them off"
We need to warn them off too! We don't want to owe Britain
WHat is the MONROE DOCTRINE? 1823 - be clear and specific
•The America's (whole Western Hemisphere) are free and independent of Europe.
•NOBODY is allowed to colonize in America anymore
-or interfere with Republican government
•If you do try to do anything of these things WE WILL STOP YOU
What are the major impacts of the Monroe Doctrine?
•This all arguably violates Washington's policy.
•American people LOVE IT.
•Brit got snubbed
-they're annoyed because they were tricked out of a deal and "nobody can colonize (meaning Europe, Brit, Spain, Mexico)"
•European Monarchs are pissed
-
5.10
WHat worldwide phenomenon dominated the 1800s?
Industrial revolution
What were the competing visions of the American economy at the beginning of the 1800s
Jeffersonian dream vs. Industrial America
What factors contributed to America's 1800s population boom?
Immigration
High birth rate
Better farming created lots of food
Drives all of those things^^
What were the major and important means of transport/ transport networks 1800 - 1850?
Railroads:
-west
-steam (punk), engines, coal
Wagons/horses:
-roads
-in state only
-show, local
Canals:
-Erie canals 1825 NY
-10 year frenzy
-East Mississippi- one huge network of canals
-Super highway system
Steamboats:
-1807 first steam boat, Hudson
-Ro
WHat is Rapid Industrial Development mean?
In one century America became the #1 industrial country in the world
WHat factor( practices) encouraged into RID in America?
Patents- own an idea
Shareholds- buying stock
Factory system
What labor and social problems did the Industrial Revolution give rise to?
Poor working conditions
Child labor
Slums
How did agriculture change during the industrial revolution?
Flipped from we farm all the things (as a family) we need to comerival farming- sell one thing and then sell it all and then buy other things from other farming
If economy collapses they do too
Interdependent
How did farming and city economies become inter-related and inter-dependent during the industrial Revolution?
...
How did the IR change women's lives?
This is where feminism a raise
They men and women used to work together but now men just do the work, women are left home and are isolated
(Not even on exam)
How did it encourage slavery in the South?
Cotton gin = l'avoir needs = slavery rises
What causes contributed to the huge upsurge of immigration in the 1830- 1850s?
Notes
What two nations supplied the bulk of immigrants 1830 - 1850? Where did they settle?
...
What is nativism and what were some of the things that motivated it? When did it become a secondary issue?( What new conflict surpassed it in importance)
Anti foreigner
Cities were full of crime and slums- who was coming in? Immigrations? Blame them
During the civil war
WE GOT THIS GALS
WE'RE FREAKING AMAZING!!!
JUST A FEW MORE DAYS TO POWER THROUGH BEFORE FREEDOM WAHOO