Cardiology 283 midterm

_or more decayed, missing, or filled _ tooth surfaces in a child_ months of a age or younger

1, primary, 71

The first teeth affected by ECC are?

Man prim anteriors

What is the bacteria species directly related to ECC

M strep

What is disease progression

Subsurface demineralization to frank cavitation in 6 months

List 4 ECC risk factors

1 sleep with a bottle
2 sleep with parents
3 salty foods
4 siblings with caries
5 strong temper
6 born premature

ECC process
_ liquid collects around primary maxillary teeth
_ primary _ are in salivary _ area

Pooling
Maxillary, incisors, deficient

What is the initial lesion called and where is it located?

Brandon cavitation
Lingual surfaces

List three things to look for on tooth surfaces that may be signs of ECC

1 discoloration
2 white spots on cervical 3rds
Chipping

Primary dentition is important because

It maintains the space for permanent teeth

Three ways to prevent ECC

1 no bottle at night
2 no feeding on demand
3 no salty crackers
4 don't share utensils
5 parents chew xletol

Non nutritive sucking habits are linked to

Pacifiers
Fingers
Thumbs

Changes in primary dentition can occur if non nutritive sucking habits are not discontinued by age _ depends on:
1
2
3

4-5
1 intensity
2 force
3 duration
4 frequency

Recommendations to parents on pacifiers
1
2
3

Wash it a lot
Not around the neck
No sweeteners

2 reasons restorations fail

1 recurrent decay
2 restorations fracture

Why is surgical intervention not the best way to treat chronic dental disease?

It only treats the symptoms

Focusing on caries infection control could result in a _ % reduction in a restorationplacement

50

New caries treatments are aimed at

1 preventing disease
2 control and managing the disease ( bacteria)

Pre adolescent children tend to contract

Pit and fissure caries

Diagnosis is the critical step in _ and _ caries

Preventing and managing

Detection of frank caries involves

1 change in color
2 break in enamel
3 X-ray, if caries has gone to DEJ

Diagnosis of a caries lesion involves

1 activity of the lesion
2 patient related factors
- biological
-behavioral

Key risk indicators

1 diet
2 snacking
3 xerostomia
4 fluoride intake
5 orthodontics
6 root exposure

CAMBRA stands for

Caries
Management
By
Risk
Assessment

Two rational for for not using an explorer in caries detection

1 increase cavitation
2 inoculates every other tooth in the mouth

Occult decay is

Decay found radiographically only after it has reached the dentin

What are two caries detection methods

1 transillumination
2 diagnoDENT

What are the three caries protective factors

1 sealants
2 fluoride exposure
3 antimicrobials

Xylitol has been proven to be a good anti caries product by the inability of amylase to

Break down xylitol for bacteria to use as a nutrient source

Fluoride has been shown to be the most beneficial in the prevention of caries in

Elderly

In caries management, medical and dental histories should include

1 past and present caries
2 patient knowledge
3 dietary screening

Sealant placement is important because it

Is a physical barrier against bacteria and food source in pits and fissures

For high risk patients CHX is recommended

1/2 ounce
2 times a day
For 14 days

_ is the highest uptake of any professional fluoride application

Fluoride varnish

Baking soda is recommended for high risk patients because

It increases pH at night

What are the 10 steps to caries management

1 medical and dental histories
2 quadrant restorations
3 CHX for 2 weeks
4 antimicrobials, sealants
5 CHX Ceratec, varnish, flu2
6 xylitol 6-10g per day
7 MI paste (has a high concentration of calcium and phosphate
8 fluoride rinse for remineralization
9b

What are carious lesions

The clinical manifestations of bacterial infections that have progressed to the point of irreversibility

What are New caries treatments today are aimed at?

Promoting the maintenance of an intact natural dentition
Controlling the bacteria involved in the decay process

What is the dental caries pattern in
Children
Young adults
Older adults

Children: pit and fissure
Young adults : interproximal caries
Older adults : coronal/recurrent /root caries

What is the critical step in preventing and managing caries

Diagnosis
Overall assessment of
Caries risk and activity in the patient

How do you determine caries risk

Look for demin.
PH test
Other restorations
Fluoridated water
Sealants or not

What does diagnoses involve?

More than finding a lesion
Detection ( color change' break in the enamel, pt related factors)
Activity (progressing slowly, or already arrested ) ( diagnosing the activity of a lease on involves the caries risk)

What are the diagnostic AIDS

Visual examination of air dried tooth
Adjunctive radiographic methods
Knowledge of previous and recent caries history
Bacteriologic assessment and monitoring

What should caries risk assessment be used for?

To evaluate the degree of the patients future caries risk
To identify the main etiological factors
Assess the efficacy of the treatment and plan future changes

What are the key caries risk indicators

Oral hygiene status
Exposure to fluoride
Prolonged nursing
Enamel defects
Defective restorations
Irregular dental visits
Orthodontic treatments
Mental and physical disabilities
Root exposure
Salivary dysfunction
Cariogenic diet
Bacterial virulence

What are the components of CAMBRA

Risk assessment
Repairing early damage with remineralization
Minimally invasive restorative techniques

Why is xylitol used to combat tooth decay

Xylitol is not utilized Mutans streptococcus and lactobacillus in their metabolism