tiller
daughter plant, a shoot that develops its own buds and roots; eventually grow from center of the plant to form a solid stand
sheath
leaf attaches to steam via the ______________
collar
light colored area with active cell growth and division
auricles
claw like sheath appendages that clasp the stem
ligule
membrane or bristle extension of the sheath
meristems
growing points: sources of many types of new cells located at leaf base
senescense
when a plant dies from the tip toward the stem - increased by shading and stree
crown
very compressed stem, nodes stacked up, very short internodes
rhizome
underground horizontal stem, generally pale or dark
stolon
above ground, horizontal stem
culms
stems are called ________ after elongation
nodes
solid; swollen areas where leaf sheaths attach; joins vascular system of leaves and stems
internodes
hollow, serve to elongate the plant
flag leaf
upper most leaf which contains the seed head
awns
sharp barbs extending from husks surrounding seeds; discourage predation
companion crop
aka nurse crop; seeded with perennial forages - grows at the same time and aids in establishment
steppes
type of temperate grassland
10-2- in/yr rainfall
Russia, Eastern Europe
temperate grassland
prairies or large plains
temp fluctuates 100 to - 40 F
20 - 35 in/yr rainfall
US, S America, China
Savannas
tropical grasslands
warm all year
distinct wet and dry seasons
10 - 30 in/yr rainfall
Africa, S America
Gulf
rust resistant ryegrass variety
Marshall
cold tolerance ryegrass variety
festolium
hybrid between fescue and ryegrass
oats
cold tolerant
wheat
excellent cold tolerance
triticale
hybrid between wheat and rye
tall fescue
perennial, cool season
fescue syndromes
fescue foot, bovine fat necrosis, fescue toxicosis
bahiagrass
perennial, warm season
BERMUDAGRASS
PERENNIAL, WARM
sorghum varieties
brown-top millet and pearl millet
perennial forages
grow from crown buds, stolons, or rhizomes
allelopathy
phenomenon where plants produce chemicals that can affect the growth of other plants
Coastal
bermudagrass variety - excellent drought tolerance
Tifton 78
bermudagrass variety - easy to establish
Russell
bermudagrass variety - released by AU
Tifton 85
bermudagrass variety - exceptional yield
Pensacola
bahiagrass variety - found growing in streets and vacant lots used on less fertile soil
Tifton 9
bahiagrass variety - developed for improved forage characteristics
Tifquik
bahiagrass variety - developed to have quicker seed germination
UF Riata
bahaigrass variety - developed for more early spring and late fall growth
AU Sand Mountain
bahaigrass variety - much better yields than others in cooler areas
PENSACOLA
ALL IMPROVED VARIETIES WERE DEVELOPED FROM _________________