Floriculture FFA

Floriculture

The science/practice of growing, harvesting, storing, etc. of flowering plants

Genus

First word of a scientific name

Species

Second word of a scientific name

Photosynthesis

Plant turns CO2 into O2 and energy using chlorophyll

Respiration

Plant turns O2 into CO2 and breaks down stored energy

Xylem

Plant tissue that transports water

Phloem

Plant tissue that transports sugars, proteins, etc (not water)

Corolla

Collective name for a flower's petals

Stamen

'Male' part of a plant's reproductive system

Adroecium

Collective name for a flower's stamen

Anther

Pollen-bearing part of the stamen

Filament

Stalk part of the stamen

Pistil

'Female' part of a plant's reproductive system

Gynoecium

Collective name for a flower's pistil

Stigma

Pollen-collecting part of the pistil

Style

Column part of the pistil

Ovary

Seed-containing base of the pistil

6 to 7

Ideal pH range for crops

Growth retardant brands

A-rest, B-Nine, Cycocel, Bonzi, etc.

Primary Colors

blue, red, yellow

Secondary Colors

orange, green, violet

Tertiary Colors

red-orange, yellow-orange, blue-violet, red-violet, blue-green, yellow-green, etc.

Shade

Adding black to darken a color

Tint

Adding white to lighten a color

Intensity

Brightness of a color

Warm Colors

Orange, red, yellow; associated with warmth and heat

Cool Colors

Blue, green, purple; associated with cool and soothing

Related Color Schemes

Based on a common hue, either shades/tints or the colors next to it on the color wheel

Monochromatic Scheme

Uses only one hue and its shades/tints

Analogous Scheme

Uses colors next to one another on the color wheel (i.e. blue, blue-violet, and violet)

The colors green, violet and orange create a ------ color scheme

Triadic

The colors red and green form a ----color scheme

Complementary

Which of the following color groups create and analogous color scheme

Red violet, violet and blue violet

The type of wiring method you would use for roses is

The pierce method

What is physical balance

When the flowers are placed in the container so that the arrangement will not tip and is stable

The colors green, violet and orange create a ------ color scheme

Triadic

Complementary

The colors red and green form a ____ color scheme

Which of the following color groups create and analogous color scheme

Red violet, violet and blue violet

The type of wiring method you would use for roses is

The pierce method

What is physical balance

When the flowers are placed in the container so that the arrangement will not tip and is stable

What type of design is wire and taping most associated with

Corsages

Colonial

Which wedding bouquet is completely round

A hue is known as

The name of a full intensity color

tone

A color with gray added

What type of vase is best when arranging roses

Tall

Round arrangements should have what type i appearance

Round

These are often attached on bows to be inserted in plants. They also can extend steam length

Wood picks

This is used to remove rose thorns quickly

Stem stripper

This is the base for designing silk, dried, and artificial flowers

Dry foam

This is used to split wire in half, and may also cut artificial flower stems

Wire cutters

This is used to cover floral foam and case tops to give thicker stems more stability

Wire mesh netting

This is the base of fresh flower arrangements. It can hold a quart of warer

Wet foam

Waterproof tape

This is used to attach wet foam to floral containers

These are artificial stems with a water reservoir, often used on orchids an stephonotis

Flower stems

These are used to secure miss or foliage to soil or design

Greening pins

Glue guns

These are often used for precision gluing, but are not hot enough to burn

These are often put on the ends of flowed that are going into wrapped bouquets to give them a water source

Water tubes

These are use to change the colors of fresh flowers

Floral dyes/ paint

This is often used to attach bows to the outside of the container

...

This gluing method allows stems to be dipped in adhesive

Hot melt pan glue

This's a flat based item with needle like projections, often used in orient oak designs

Frogs

These are clear glass containers that do kit need floral foam to be designed in

Vases

These are used to cut thick or woody stems

Pruners

This is a protective shield sprayed in plant leaves to help them retain their moisture

Anti- transparent

This material is generally used to create structural floral designs, and does not hold water

Styrofoam

This is the ribbon size most popular for corsage work or small desogn

#3 ribbon

This ribbon size of often used to make plant bows

#9 ribbon

All of the following items should be considered when makings window display except

Color

The most common background for a display is

Partial

------ displays are generally found in shops that must attract customers from a distance

Big windows

------ displays are generally found in high traffic areas where customers will be up close with windows

Little windows

Composition provides ------- to a display

Depth

One way to give the display greater impact is to

Repeat a basic shape throughout a window

Experts agree that it is important to combine both ------ and ------ to create a show- stopping effect

Product, prop

To design window displays that showcase a product, one should

Use products that are sufficient in size or available in large quantities, design one large floral arrangement with major impact, an make sure the display has a coordinating theme

Why is repetition important in a display

To pull the products in the display together

An easy way to use color in display is

Use products of one color against a background of a contrasting color

Arranging products so that they move symmetrically down a diagonal is an example of a

Display on the diagonal

When using texture in displays

One texture should dominate and one texture should accent

An open space near an object in a display can give the object more impact and is called

Negative space

Different methods used to refine a window display can include

Defining space, contrasting shapes, and moving outside/ inside

Displays of high importance should be placed where in a typical floral store

Along the aisle on the way from the entrance to the floral cooler

Putting a vase of fresh flowers in a display of vases is an example of

Suggestive selling

Edit merchandise

Putting a small number of products out rather than all of the products is an example of

If a product is not selling in one spot

Move the display to a new location

One way to save time in designing a display is

Group products of the same color together

Poinsettias should he used in a Christmas display. This is an example of designing displays based upon

Holidays

Placing items together that may not match but serve the same purpose is an example of

Function

Which of the following is not a way to refresh a boring display

Paint planners different colors, add bows and garlands and place lights inside the display

A theme in a store should be showcases where

In the front windows

Pedestals can be used in a display to add

Height and depth

When a figure is a display actual moves because of a power source, it is an example of

Animation

When a figure in a display is not moving, but it looks like it is in the middle of an action, this is

Implied animation

A fan generating a breeze which moves suspended items is an example of

Movement

Implied movement

A football suspended over a goal post does not have to move to give the illusion of a field goal in progress is an example of

The traditional lighting used in homes is called

Incandescent lights

What is the most under- utilized aspect of display

Floors

Lots of display

What is not necessary in big display windows

The type of background generally used for window displays are

Partial background

What should be considered in the composition of a display

Balance, depth and the number of objects

Repeat

The basic form of the objects used in display should generally

What is the goal of displays

Sales

Textures used in displays should

Consist mainly of 1 type

What is negative space

A space where there is nothing in the display

Where should the most dynamic in- store display be

At the entrance of the store

Leave it up for a year

Once you have established a good display, you should not

In creating shop displays, you should

Use expensive props with expensive products

What is the first step in creating a display

Select a theme

When you gather props, what is the first thing you should do

Select one main prop

What is one way motion can be achieved in a display

Implied motion

A window that promotes a community event is known as

Image window

What is the toughest way to coordinate products

Texture

Track lighting

The type of lighting that allows the use of many fixtures without having to conceal wires is

This type of light is best to use for showcasing flowers

Halogen

Which of the following items makes a nice background

Folding screens

Floriculture

The art and science of growing, harvesting, processing, and marketing flower crops is called

Specialaria

Some of the first greenhouses were devised by the Romans and were called

It would have more bench space per unit area under cover

How would the interior of a wholesale greenhouse differ from that of a retail greenhouse

polythylene plastic film

Which of the following greenhouse covering materials would be suitable to use on a quonset greenhouse

eave

What is the name for the part of the greenhouse where the roof meets the sidewall

glass

Which of the following greenhouse covering materials would have the longest useful life

bar cap

The narrow, aluminum cover used to protect glazing compound and help hold glass in place is called

the heat form the heater is distirbuted to the greenhouse interior by means of a fan

In gas-fired unit greenhouse heaters,......

LP gas

Which of the following greenhouse fuels is sold/priced by the gallon?

ethlylene

Which of the following is a pollutant gas that may be produced by improperly functioning unit heater

split-night temperature

Which of the following is a method of energy conservation that does not require greenhouse modification

reducing the infiltration loss through through the greenhouse covering material

As a method of energy coservation, double-layer polyethlylene over glass works by

Carbon fixation

Which of the following is NOT a function of the root system of a plant: carbon fixation, absorption of nutrients, absorption of water, or anchorage and support

ebb-and-flow benches

which irrigation system recylces the water or nutrient solution suppplied to plants: capillary mat watering,automatic drip(trickle) system, overhead-hand watering with a wand, ebb-and-flow benches

anther

which of the following is NOT part of the pistil: anther, style, ovary, sitgma

pistil and stamens

If a flower is imperfect, which can it NOT posses at the same time: petals and pistil, pistil and stamens, stamens and sepals, sepals and receptacle

filament and anther

Represents the components of the stamen

True

True or False: A flower can be incomplete yet perfect

Increases as the temperature of the plant increases

the rate of respiration in a plant......

stems with vascular bundles randomly scattered

Which of the following is characteristic of monocot plants: leaves with a network of veins, seeds with two cotyledons, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5, stems with vascular bundles randomly scattered

True

True or False: It is involved in the transport of manufactured sugars

wave length

What is another way of expressing light?

black-eyed susan

An example of a long-day plant would be.....

scarification

soaking seeds with hard coats in an acid bath would exemplify...

radicle

this would first emerge from a seed as it germinates

stem tip cutting

this would contain an apical meristem

aid in the rooting process of cuttings

As chemical growth regulators, auxins frequently are used in flower crop production to....

soaking it with a solution of 1 part of bleach to ten parts of water

This is an acceptable method of disinfecting a plastic bedding plant flat.

an amendment to soil-less growing medium

Perlite normally is used in the greenhouse industry as...

pine bark

it is an organic component of many plant growing media

excellent drainage

It is a major benefit from the use of soil-less growing media

Which of the following is fixed cost associated with greenhouse operation and management?

Depreciation

Which of the following represents the greatest disadvantage for using twin-walled polycarbonate (e.g. Lexan) as a greenhouse covering material?

High initial cost

Which of the following is considered a renewable source of fuel(energy) for greenhouse heating?

Wood

In floral design, what would be the primary use of gladiolus in an arrangement?

As a line flower

Which of the following represents the analysis of a balanced fertilizer?

15-15-15

Which of the following describe the function of the root system?

Absorption of water; anchorage and support

Which of the following is not a consideration when choosing a greenhouse framing material?

Color

Stratification

Exposure to seeds to cool, moist conditions in order to overcome dormancy defines as _________.

It reduces the transmission heat loss from the greenhouse covering material

How does applying double-layer polyethylene plastic reduce heat loss from a greenhouse?

Pesticides certification is necessary ti legally apply which of the following?

Restricted use pesticides

Florist Clay

Which of the following materials normally is used to hold a pin flower holder in a container?

The four environmentalconditions that play a key role in seed germination are?

Temperature, moisture, light, oxygen

Which of the following comprise the pistol of a flower?

Ovary; style; stigma

Which of the following are not designs used in the ceremony of a wedding?

Canopy, unity candle, aisle runner

Which of the following plant diseases would be associated the root system of a plant

Rhizoctonia

Foil glued firmly to bottom of pot

What is not an evaluation criterion for properly foiled potted plant

Which of the following should not be done when handling complaints from customers

Argue with the customer

Design skills

Which of the following is not a primary skill needed by a wholesale for sale florist sales representative

Which of the following types of mouth parts does a mealybug possess

Piercing/sucking

Which of the following is a pollutant gas that can build up inside of fmoral cooler if it is not kept clean

Ethylene

Hook method

Which wiring method is most often used on flowers with flattened heads and no apparent calyx

The elimination of pests from greenhouses via the use of screening material would represent which of the following types of pest control

Mechanical

Seed germination in which the cotyledons remain underground is termed ____ and exhibited by most ____ plants

Hypogeous; monocot

Which of the following is a basic rule of floral design

Arrangements should be 1.5 to 2 times the height or length of their container

What processing techniques are applied to complete the floral design

After filling its container with a preservative solution it is refrigerated

Which of the following is a part of the embroyo of a seed

Epicotyl

Which of the following LD50 ratings would represent the least toxic material to humans

2978 mg/kg

Which of the following terms defines the tendency of a plant to show a response to the length of day versus length of night

Phototropism

Chlorosis between the veins of the older lower leaves of a plant best describes a deficiency of which of the following essential mineral elements

Magnesium

What is the most important consideration when designing/ locating a greenhouse

Maximize available sunlight that enters the greenhouse

Horizontal underground stems that form roots on their lower surface are known as

Rhizomes

Always read and follow label directions

The most important consideration when using pesticides in the greenhouse is to

Which of the following is not a basic element of design

Complementary;triadi

Leaves having margins that have a saw like appearance are said to be

Serrate

Which of the following helps prevent flowers from being crushed when being wrapped or boxed

Arranging flowers by alternating and from one end of the box to the other

What must a designer do to prepare a wicker basket for a fresh arrangement

Add a liner

floriculture production in the united states is valued at $_____ - at a farm gate

4.7 Billion

The leading floriculture produtcion states are _____,_____ and _____.

California, Florida, Texas

Florida floriculture crop production is valued at $_______

765 Million

Watering greenhouse plants is one of the easiest jobs faced by growers.

FALSE

When should plants be watered

Just before wilting or water stress occurs

Free-Water

Perched water table means that the container has ____ at the bottom of the container right after washing when draining has occured.

This is ____ because it is not held by the root medium

Free-Water

Five

_____ Factors need to be considered to achieve a successful fertility program.

When certain elements are provided in excess top plants, Uptake other nutrients maybe hindered. One example of a mineral antagonism is the interaction; a 1:1 ration is recommended for most floriculture crops.

Hydrogen-Nitrogen

The optimum PH range for most crops growing in a soilless media is?

5.8-6.4

American floriculture crops are considered to be ___________ quality if they are well branched and ___________, with multiple flowers that open ____________.

High, Full, Simultaneiously

Pinching artificially accelerates a plant's branching and growers commonly use three types of pinches

True

The process of pinching a plant removes the __________ factory and eliminates the ___________ concentration of the ___________ hormone from the upper portion of the plant.

Auxin, High, Inhibitory

When the source of ___________ is removed, the concentration of the __________ drops quickly, thereby releasing lateral branches from _______________ dominance and allowing them to develop.

Visible at the sides, bottom medium

A time tasted rule is to pinch when roots are _______________ and _____________ of the ______________ after removing the plant from its pot.

Visible at the sides, bottom, medium

___ growers first began growing their rose plants using bent systems in the which are rooted and grown frequently

Japanese

Rose plants for he bent stem technique are started as ____ node cutting, which rooted and grown frequently in _______ ______ _______

Single, Rock Wool Cubes

Cut roses are divided into hybird teas, spray roses and _____.

Sweethearts

There are less than ___ dozen rose breedens specializing in commerical cut flower varities.

Two

Roses generally are graded according to __ of stem

Length

The greenhouse comes "alive" only after its ___ or ____, is applied. alglazing primary purpose is to allow ___ into the greenhouse while allowing the grower to manipulate the enviroment ___ the greenhouse

Glazing, Cover, Light, Inside

There/IS Are ___ types (s) of growing floors

Natural soil, sand an gravel floors, fish netting

The ___ componet of watering is the easy part because the scientific principals can be taught and learned. The ___ of watering is extremely difficult to teach, it is determining when plants need to be watered and the applying water properly

Science , Art

While it cost__ produce pinched plant in terms of ___ and ___ the ___ quality is achieved with pinched plants in terms of size, fullness and flower performance.

More, Labor, Time, Highest

Flower arranging differs from other arts in that it has its on media (Arranged grow their own materials)

True

The japanese cofine their displays of flower arrangements to specific areas as a matter of ___ and __.

Ritual , Custom

The chinese method of handling flowers is founded on _____ preservation of life, and appreciation of ____.

Symbolism, Beauty

Cofucious taught that real enjoyment consist of __ and __

Simplicity, Contemplation

A few flowers on a vase can describe the whole life history of a plant, as well as display, the beauty of a perfect bloom.

True

A creative aft form using space along with line, form, color and texture to create the floral arrangements by using plant material and other coponents.

Abstract Design

Two or three colors adjacent to eavh other on the color wheel

Analogous Color Harmony

Two sides of a vertical axis in an arrangement that are different in composition but equal in visual weight.

Asymmertical Balance

A circle of greens decorated with fruits, nuts,cones, seed pods are berries typical of the renaissance period.

Della Robbia Wreath

The art Of placing floral material in a container in a pleasing manner following carious artistic principles.

Flower Arranging

Bringing plants into bloom at a time other than normal nature

Forcing

Tussy Mussy

A circle of small flowers arranged around one central flower similar to a nosegay

Free form design

A new concept in creative art form free from conventional ideas and patterns, nongeometric.

An all around arrangement to be viewed from all sides

Free standing

Tints, tones, and shades of one hue

Monochromatic Color harmony

Nosegay

A tight hand bouquet of fragrant flowers

Novelty

A container of unusal form or shape as a heart, animal. etc

Probably the most influential in advancing flower arrangement in the country has been the ______

National council of state garden club

Plant forms, originality freedom

The american style of flower arranging past or present american european or orirntial there are __ to be considered ___

The american style of flower arranging past or present american european or oriental there are ___ to be considered ___

Design Elements, line, form , space , texture, color and harmony

7, balance scale , rhythm, reptetion, unity, focus, and harmony

There are ____ principles of design. all them should be present in every good arrangement, but their relative importance will vary. They are:

Various colors will produce different emotional and psychological effects

True

Violets and purples give a __ sometimes ___

Spirtual , feeling, sad

Tints of various hues will normally be __ while tones tend to give a __ effect.

Uplifting soothing

___ can be either warm or cold it takes on the feeling of the colors with which is associated

white

The eater lily crop is difficult to grow because

Easter falls on a different day each year

The Optium Range For Most Crops growing in a soilness medium is ___-___, because in this range micronutrients are ____ enough to satisfy plant needs without becoming so ___ as to be toxic.

5.8, 6.4,souble, soluble

High humidity in the greenhouse causes plugs to ___ and be soft due to lack of ___ uptake.

stretch, calcium

Botrytis

___can become a problem when plugs are older and the plant canopy is tight.

Snapdragons can be stored for three to four days, dry or in water, at 40 degrees F (4 degrees C).

True

Campanula carpatica is an important ___ flowering pot for a number of European growers.

Summer

You cannot change your poinsettia crop while it is growing based on the type of fertilizer you use.

False

10, 25

Galdioli species and the cultivars produce a multi-flowered inflorescence that can contain ___ to ___ florets.
TERM

___, or satin flower has been transformed from a unique and uncommon garden plant into a dependable cut flower for greenhouse and field production and for pot plant production.

Godetia

Rudbeckia fulgida is also known as ___.

Black-eyed Susan

Azaleas are vegetatively propagated from stem or tip cuttings harvested from actively grgowing plants. While rooting is relatively easy, growing a "florist" azalea takes as long as ___ to ___ ___.

2, 3 years

The goal of propagation is to reproduce a selected plant type, such as a plant species, subspecies, variety, or cultivar. A plant species is defined as having naturally occurring, generic set of characteristics and is united with other closely related spe

False.

Exacum affine is an example of a species that is commercially cultivated.

True

Geophytes include any species that form modified plant ___ for ___ storage including bulbs, corms, tubers, tuberous roots, rhizomes, pseudobulbs.

organic, carbohydrate

Layering

___ induces adventitious roots to form on stems while they are still attached to the parent plant.

___ is used in research to study physiological processes or plant diseases.

Grafting

HID and Fluorescent

Various lamp types are available for floriculture use which can be divided into three basic types, incandescent, ___ and ___.

Two common ways to reduce the light intensity in a greenhouse are with shade cloths and shading compounds. Shade cloth is available in a variety of types which reduce light by ___ to ___ %.

25, 98

Yellow margins and necrotic edges, especially on lower leaves; leaves may curl up or down; root tips may be necrotic are all symptoms of what type of toxicity?

Ammonium

Plant growth

___ ___ regulation is defined as any chemical or process used to produce used to produce a specific type of growth response, such as inhibition of internode elongation or root development.

Chemical growth retardants are registered for use on vegetable or other edible bedding plants such as tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), peppers (Capsicum annuum), and herbs.

False

Tropical flowers like bird-of-paradise, anthurium, ginger and orchids should be kept in a seperate cooler set with ___ tempatures (___degrees to ____degrees).

Warmer, 45, 50

What does the scientific name Clivia miniata mean?

Kafir Lily

Azalea

What does the scientific name Rhododendron mean?

What does the scientific name Primula malacoides mean?

Primrose

What does the scientific name Pelargonium hortorum mean?

Geranium

Carsages are most commonly worn on the ___?

Left shoulder

Which one of the four plants listed below originated in the Mediterranean region? Mystus Communis, Monstera deliciosa, Maranta leuconeura, Magnolia grandiflora.

Mystus Communis

(Equisetum hyemale) Horsetail, Scouring Rush

Name the plant that fits the following description. Long, round, hollow, leafless stems up to 4 feet long and 1/4 to 1/2 inch wide with furrowed ridges running the length of the stem segments. Silica in the ridges gives surface rough quality.

Celastrus scandens (Bittersweet)

Name the plant that fits the following description. Twisting vine with bunches of bright orange berries, revealed when fruit dehisces (bursts open).

What is blue or violet in color; individual flowers shaped like a helmet or hood with a beak in the front. Flowers arranged on a spike-like raceme while available in summer and fall.

Monkshood

The classical period of floral design design from (28 BC-325 AD) was the ___ period.

Roman

The Italian artist Michelangelo greatly influenced the artistic transition from the classical ___ style to the lavish mood of the ___ period. This style of design become most highly developed by the painters of Holland and Belgium, who used floral arrange

Renaissance, Baroque

The S-curve was created by an English painter named William Hogwarts, who described this style as the "line of beauty." This style of flower arrangement, the Hogwartian curve, is still quite popular in modern design because it utilizes a rhythmic, asymmet

False

The art of Japanese flower arranging has evolved through various periods. The basic Japanese floral design styles are Ikenobo, Rikkwa, Shokwa, Nageire, Moribana, and Jiyu-Bana. Which arrangement style was established as a refinement of the art and ritual

Ikenobo

The first rules for Japanese floral design were written in the early eleventh century. These rules applied to the ___ style, which depicted natural scenes and utilized the following three structural elements in each design; Shin, Soe, and Tai.

Rikkwa

Rikkwa

Through the development of the ___ style, Japanese flower arrangements evolved into the three-dimensional design that were later adapted into Western floral arrangements.

In all arrangements when looking at the principles of design, the floral designer is striving for emphasis, balance, proportion, ___, ___, and unity.

rhythm, harmony

The use of negative spaces or voids within the arrangement is equally as important as sizes of flowers in creating a pleasing proportion.

True

An analogous color scheme is created by combining any three ___ found next to each other on the color wheel. The color scheme has a great emotional appeal because any three colors that lie next to each other on the color wheel were developed from a single

hues

A monochromatic color scheme is created from flowers and foliage with the tints and shades of a single ___.

hue

Filler flowers ass a finishing touch to an arrangement. The two types of filler flowers used in flower arrangements are ___ and ___.

bunch, feather

The temperature that benefits the majority of the flowers held by a florist is 35-40 degrees F or _____-___ degrees C.

4 , 4.5

The size of the wire is listed according to its gauge number. The higher the gauge number, the ___ wire.

finer

whip (tongue), side-tongue

Several different types of grafting have been developed including ___, splice, side, ___, side-veneer, cleft, bark, and approach grafting.

Soluble salts refer to the total dissolved ions in media water solutions. Soluble salts are measured by means of electrical conductivity (EC); the lesser the soluble salt concentration, the more easily an electrical current will pass through a medium wate

False.

___ are/is the fiber of a palm tree used like string or ribbon to tie things together.

Raffia

___, commonly called ___ throughout the trade, is the traditional filler flower for mixed bouquets and arrangements.

Gypsophila, gyp

Sunflower is also known as ___?

Helianthus

Daylily is also known as ___?

Hemerocallis

Amaryllis also known as ___?

Hippeastrum hybrids

Nontraditional 20th Century flower arranging styles can be arbitrarily divided into two types known as Radical Structure and the interest-equated style, based on the method of construction. True or False?

True

False

The difference between an informal boutonniere and a formal boutonniere is the informal boutonniere has a green piece attached behind the flower held in place with floratape. True or False?

Linear materials are those that grow into the shape of a tall spire or spike. They are usually tall and slender. Often they are _______below the tip but taper definitely to a point at the top, much like a _______.
a.fluffy, ice cream cone
b.full,church st

b. full,church steeple

c

The American style of flower arranging is based on the ____ elements of design.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 7

What are the three kinds of traditional flower arrangements recognized today in America by flower arrangers and the National Council of State Garden Clubs?
a. line, mass, line-mass
b. line, naturalistic, abstract
c. naturalistic, free-form, abstract
d. fr

a. line, mass, line-mass

False

The famous painter della Robbia is remembered for his symmetrical treatments of wreaths and garlands made of dull colored fruits, peppers, cones, berries, foliage, and flowers. True or False?

Who first developed the "rules" of the floral design?
a.French of the Industrial Era
b.Indians of the Columbus Era
c.Greeks of the Roman Era.
d.English of the Victorian Era

d. English of the Victorian Era

What are the four types or shapes of plant material?
a. circle, square, rectangle, pyramid
b. line, form, square, balance
c. shape, mass, symmetrical, triangle
d. line, form, mass, filler

d. line, form, mass, filler

The art of any period of civilization reflects the tastes and ideas of that time and place. In general, ____ and ____ flower arrangements have emphasized mass and color.
a. China, Japan
b. Georgian, Victorian
c. Mediterranean, Europe
d. Renaissance, Frenc

c. Mediterranean, Europe

d

The French period was from ________.
a. 1550-1760
b. 1400-1600
c. 475-1400
d.1715-1800

During the French Period, the court life, beginning with King Louis XIV (1638-1715) in France, greatly influenced the art forms of Europe in the late 17th and 18th centuries. The tone was one of luxury, magnificence, and elegance, but the styles of flower

a. painting, arranging

Dahlias flower morphology is simple and flower size varies from larger than 9.25 in. to less than 4 cm. True or False?

False

Boutonnieres and corsages are supplemental to apparel and should accent the clothing not detract from it while the flowers used should reflect the time of year or season, not the event or reason for the celebration. True or False?

False

________ is represented by strong geometric lines and forms. They are highly stylized and are often thought to mimic Egyptian and Aztec cultures as well as being influenced by the contemporary society.
a. Art Nouveau
b. Art Bonified
c. Art Classified
d. A

d. Art Deco

________ is curvilinear lines, cascading works, with nature's patterns of plants and flowers depicted either in the arrangement or in the container.
a. Art Nouveau
b. Art Bonified
c. Art Classified
d. Art Deco

a. Art Nouvau

The most common type of florist ribbon used is the waterproof ________ with a _______- edge.
a. unsanitized acetate, fused
b. nylon ribbon, round
c. sanitized acetate, fused
d. nylon ribbon, sharp

c. sanitized acetate, fused

Tertiary colors are the ________ mixture of a primary and secondary color next to it.
a. unequal
b. 1:2 ratio
c. 3:1 ratio
d. equal

d. equal

b

________ harmony combines three colors equi-distant on the wheel forming a triangle such as red, blue, and yellow.
a. Tetrad
b. Triadic
c. Complementary
d. Monochromatic

The most important consideration in setting up an irrigation system is water ________.
a. pressure
b. concentration
c. quality
d. volume

c. quality

One of the most important factors is the electrical conductivity (EC), a measure of soluble salts. Water with a low EC, ________ mS/cm, will give the greatest number of irrigation options and will help reduce future problems from the accumulation of high

c. 0.1-0.5

Foliar analysis is especially useful when you need to determine ________ levels in the plant.
a. micronutrient
b. macronutrient
c. both a and b
d. neither a or b

a. micronutrient

c

The ________ the alkalinity level, the ________ the pH of soilless medium will ________.
a. lower, slower, decrease
b. higher, slower, increase
c. higher, quicker, increase
d. lower quicker, decrease

Each plant has an optimum temperature range. In general, if you were to lump all floriculture crops together, you would find the optimum range is from 35-50 F (2-10 C) on the lower side and ________-F (_______- C) on the upper side.
a. 55-70, 12-17
b. 65-

b. 65-85, 18-29

a

During propagation, such as seed germination and plug seedling production, and in linear (rooted cutting) production, temperatures are ________ than they are during finished crop production.
a. higher
b. lower
c. inconsistent
d. none of the above

Temperature is the only way you will control how quickly your plants grow. True or False?

False

Bozi is one of the more ________ PGRs (plant growth regulators)
a. inactive
b. differential
c. limited
d. active

d. active

For the traditional florist, the term "________" is meant to promote the sale of flowers by offering a variety of products in a variety of ways.
a. flower design
b. wholesale
c. retailer
d. marketing

d. marketing

________ is a philosophy a way of thinking that puts the consumer at the center of attention.
a. Marketing
b. Retailing
c. Floral designing
d. none of the above

a. Marketing

In the 1980s, "Architectural" arrangements that were angular and linear took the place of the "________".
a. Square-Bails
b. Circular-Pillars
c. Round Moundy's
d. none of the above

c. Round Moundy's

Roses require special handling and, after cutting stems ________, they should be placed in a commercially available ________ solution which ________ the water acidity and speeds the uptake of water.
a. underwater, preservative, raises
b. horizontally, pre

c. underwater, hydrating, lowers

1.) ________ are green plastic tube-like reservoirs with rubber caps, into which the flower stem is inserted.
2.) ________ attached with a heavy-duty picking machine. A sharp, pointed, barbed shaft is attached to the flower or foliage.
3.) ________ availa

1.) Water Picks
2.) Metal Picks
3.) Wood Picks

b

________ involve tubing that provides water to individual pots.
a. Flow benches
b. Spaghetti tubes
c. Tray mechanization
d. Capillary matts

________ is obtained from nature and is the result of weathered rocks.
a. Plant nutrition
b. Macro-nutrients
c. Mineral soil
d. none of the above

c. Mineral soil

b

Calcium, magnesium, and sulfur are said to be ________ macro-nutrients because plants need moderate amounts.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. slow release
d. none of the above

Plant growth is dependent on _______ essential elements, often referred to as nutrients.
a. 9
b. 13
c. 3
d. 17

d. 17

The chief function of the leaves is food manufacture. This process of food manufacture is called photosynthesis. carbon dioxide + water--------light-------> glucose+ oxygen
What is the correct equation?
a. 6CO2+ 6H20-------light-------> C6H12 06+ 6O2
b. 2

a. 6CO2 + 6H20------light------> C6H12 O6 +6O2

Poinsettia's history shows that Poinsettias represented purity and served as a reminder of the blood sacrifices to the Aztec people. True or False?

True

National Poinsettia Day is December______, the anniversary of the death of Joel Robert Poinsett.
a. 19
b. 5
c. 12
d. 21

c. 12

________ is a feathered single flower made from the florets of a gladiolous flower.
a. Tendril
b. Bias
c. Var
d. Glamellia

d. Glamellia

Plants Convert chemical energy into light energy which results in plant growth.

False

Wavelengths are measured in _____ with specific wavelengths corresponding to specific ____.

Nanometers, color

True

Photoperiodism is a phytochrome-mediated response. True or False.

Modern _____ cultivars come in an astonishing variety of colors, color combinations and petal styles (spoon, quill, and flat).

Chrysanthemum (daisy)

Dahlias are native to the mountain of _____.

Mexico

65 to 75 F, full

Growth is best for Helianthus annus L. Between _____ and _____ sun is always preferred.

_____ is an example of a specific species that is commercially cultivated.

Exacum affine

When spores germinate, they form a small _____ leaf like structure known as the prothallus.

Green

_____ is any method of breaking through hard, water-impermeable seed coats to allow water to penetrate.

Scarification

Disadvantages to Pregermination are limited shelf life of _____, limited selection, and limited cost.

4 to 5 weeks

False

Floral supply companies focus their inventories on hard goods and tools but primarily on fresh flowers and foliage

_____ were historically the first people to use flowers for decoration purposes.

Egyptians

The strewing of flowers and loose petals at banquets and festivals was typical of the _____ period.

Greek and Roman

The _____ period is considered the beginning of the flower arranging as it is known today.

Italian Renaissance

...

...

(Aechmea chantinii cv.) Bromeliad

Ageratum mexicanum cv. / Ageratum

Aglaonema commutatum cv. / Aglaonema

Alstroemeria aurantiaca / Peruvian Lily

Antirrhinum majus cv. / Snapdragon

Anthurium x andraeanum cv. / Anthurium, Flamingo Lily

Aphelandra squarrosa cv. / Aphelandra, Zebra Plant

(Araucaria heterophylla) Norfolk Island Pine

Argyranthemum frutescens / Marguerite Daisy

Asparagus densiflorus 'Sprengeri' / Sprengeri "Fern

Asparagus setaceus / Asparagus "Fern

Astilbe hybrid cv. / Astilbe

Begonia x tuberhybrida cv. / Tuberous Begonia

(Begonia x semperflorens- cultorum) Wax Begonia

Caladium x hortulanum cv. / Fancy-Leaved Caladium

Calceolaria crenatiflora cv. / Pocketbook Plant

(Callistephus chinensis cv.) China Aster

Camellia japonica cv. / Common Camellia

(Canna x generalis cv.) Common Garden Canna

(Catharanthus roseus) Madagascar Periwinkle

Cattleya cv. / Cattleya Orchid Hybrid

Celosia argentea cv. / Cockscomb

Chamaedorea elegans / Parlor Palm

Chamelaucium uncinatum / Waxflower

Cholorophytum comosum cv. / Spider Plant

Chrysanthemum x morifolium cv. / Florist's Chrysanthemum

Cissus rhombifolia 'Mandaiana' / Grape Ivy

Clematis Jackmanii Group cv. / Clematis

Codiaeum variegatum pictum cv. / Croton

Crassula argentea / Jade Plant

Cyclamen x persicum cv. / Florist's Cyclamen

(Cymbidium cv.) Cymbidium Orchid

Dianthus caryophyllus cv. / Carnation

Dieffenbachia maculata cv. / Spotted Dumbcane

Dracaena fragrans 'Massangeana' / Corn Plant Dracaena

Dracaena cincta / Red Edge Dracaena

Echeveria cv. / Hens and Chickens

Echinocactus cv. / Barrel Cactus

(Epipremnum aureum cv.) Golden Pothos, Devil's Ivy

(Erica carnea cv.) Spring Heath

Eucalyptus polyanthemos / Silver Dollar Gum

Euphorbia milii splendens / Crown-of Thorns

Euphorbia pulcherrima cv. / Poinsettia

(Exacum affine) German (Persian) Violet

Ficus benjamina 'Exotica' / Benjamin Fig

Ficus elastica 'Decora' / 'Decora' Rubber Plant

Ficus pumila / Creeping Rubber Plant

Freesia x hybrida / Freesia

Fittonia verschaffeltii / Nerve Plant

Gardenia jasminoides 'Fortuniana' / Gardenia

Gerbera jamesonii / Transvaal Daisy

(Gladiolus x hortulanus cv.) Garden Gladiolus

Gynura aurantiaca 'Sarmentosa' / "Purple Passion", Velvet Plant

(Gypsophila elegans cv.) Baby's Breath

Hedera helix cv. / English Ivy

Hemerocallis cv. / Daylily

Heptapleurum arboricola / Dwarf Schefflera, Dwarf Octopus Tree

158 Hippeastrum hybrid cv. / Amaryllis

Hosta undulata / Plantain Lily

Hoya carnosa / Wax Plant

Hyacinthus orientalis cv. / Hyacinth

Hydrangea macrophylla cv. / French (Florist's) Hydrangea

(Impatiens hybrid cv.) Impatiens

Iris x germanica florentina cv. / Flag (Bearded) Iris

(Iris x xiphium cv.) Dutch Iris

Justicia brandegeana / Shrimp Plant

Kalanchoe x blossfeldiana cv. / Kalanchoe

Leucanthemum x superbum cv. / Shasta Daisy

Liatris spicata / Liatris

Lilium longiflorum cv. / Trumpet (Easter) Lily

Lilium x hybridum cv. / Hybrid (Garden) Lily

Limonium sinuatum / Statice

Lobularia maritima / Sweet Alyssum

Maranta leuconeura var. kerchoviana / Prayer Plant

Matthiola incana cv. / Flowering Stock

Monstera deliciosa / Cutleaf "Philodendron

Narcissus pseudonarcissus cv. / Daffodil

(Neoregelia carolinae 'Tricolor') Bromeliad

Nephrolepis exaltata cv. / Boston Fern

Opuntia tribe cv. / Cactus

(Paeonia cv.) Peony

Paphiopedilum x hybrid cv. / Ladyslipper Orchid

Pelargonium x domesticum cv. / Regal (Lady Washington) Geranium

Pelargonium x hortorum cv. / (Zonal) Geranium

(Pelargonium peltatum cv.) Ivy Geranium

Peperomia argyreia / Watermelon Peperomia

Peperomia caperata / Emerald Ripple Peperomia

Peperomia obtusifolia 'Variegata' / Variegated Peperomia

Petunia x hybrida cv. / Common Garden Petunia

Phalaenopsis cv. / Phalaenopsis (Butterfly) Orchid

Philodendron scandens oxycardium / Heartleaf Philodendron

Pilea cadierei / Aluminum Plant

Pilea involucrata / Friendship Plant

(Pilea microphylla) Artillery Plant

Pilea nummularifolia / Creeping Charley

Plectranthus mummularis / Swedish Ivy

(Polianthes tuberosa) Tuberose

(Primula x polyanthus cv. / Polyanthus) Primrose

Primula malacoides cv. / Fairy Primrose

(Rhododendron cv.) Azalea

Rosa hybrid, Class Hybrid Tea cv. / Hybrid Tea Rose

Rumohra adiantiformis / Leatherleaf Fern

(Saintpaulia ionantha cv.) African Violet

Salvia splendens cv. / Salvia

Sansevieria trifasciata cv. / Snake Plant

Saxifraga stolonifera / Strawberry Plant

Schlumbergera bridgesii / Christmas Cactus

Schlumbergera truncata cv. / Thanksgiving Cactus, Crab Cactus

Senecio cineraria 'Diamond' / Diamond Dusty Miller

Senecio x hybridus cv. / Florist's Cineraria

Sinningia speciosa Fyfiana Group cv. / Gloxinia

(Solanum pseudocapsicum cv.) Jerusalem Cherry

Solenostemon scutellarioides / Coleus

Spathiphyllum clevelandii / White
Anthurium, Peace Lily

(Stephanotis floribunda) Stephanotis

(Strelitzia reginae) Bird-of-Paradise

Syngonium podophyllum / Nephthytis

Tagetes species cv. / Marigold

Tolmiea menziesii / Pickaback Plant

Tulipa cv. / Tulip

Vaccinium ovatum / Florist's "Huckleberry

Viola x wittrockiana cv. / (Garden) Pansy

Zebrina pendula cv. / Wandering Jew

Zinnia elegans / Zinnia