Floriculture
The science/practice of growing, harvesting, storing, etc. of flowering plants
Genus
First word of a scientific name
Species
Second word of a scientific name
Photosynthesis
Plant turns CO2 into O2 and energy using chlorophyll
Respiration
Plant turns O2 into CO2 and breaks down stored energy
Xylem
Plant tissue that transports water
Phloem
Plant tissue that transports sugars, proteins, etc (not water)
Corolla
Collective name for a flower's petals
Stamen
'Male' part of a plant's reproductive system
Adroecium
Collective name for a flower's stamen
Anther
Pollen-bearing part of the stamen
Filament
Stalk part of the stamen
Pistil
'Female' part of a plant's reproductive system
Gynoecium
Collective name for a flower's pistil
Stigma
Pollen-collecting part of the pistil
Style
Column part of the pistil
Ovary
Seed-containing base of the pistil
6 to 7
Ideal pH range for crops
Growth retardant brands
A-rest, B-Nine, Cycocel, Bonzi, etc.
Primary Colors
blue, red, yellow
Secondary Colors
orange, green, violet
Tertiary Colors
red-orange, yellow-orange, blue-violet, red-violet, blue-green, yellow-green, etc.
Shade
Adding black to darken a color
Tint
Adding white to lighten a color
Intensity
Brightness of a color
Warm Colors
Orange, red, yellow; associated with warmth and heat
Cool Colors
Blue, green, purple; associated with cool and soothing
Related Color Schemes
Based on a common hue, either shades/tints or the colors next to it on the color wheel
Monochromatic Scheme
Uses only one hue and its shades/tints
Analogous Scheme
Uses colors next to one another on the color wheel (i.e. blue, blue-violet, and violet)
The colors green, violet and orange create a ------ color scheme
Triadic
The colors red and green form a ----color scheme
Complementary
Which of the following color groups create and analogous color scheme
Red violet, violet and blue violet
The type of wiring method you would use for roses is
The pierce method
What is physical balance
When the flowers are placed in the container so that the arrangement will not tip and is stable
The colors green, violet and orange create a ------ color scheme
Triadic
Complementary
The colors red and green form a ____ color scheme
Which of the following color groups create and analogous color scheme
Red violet, violet and blue violet
The type of wiring method you would use for roses is
The pierce method
What is physical balance
When the flowers are placed in the container so that the arrangement will not tip and is stable
What type of design is wire and taping most associated with
Corsages
Colonial
Which wedding bouquet is completely round
A hue is known as
The name of a full intensity color
tone
A color with gray added
What type of vase is best when arranging roses
Tall
Round arrangements should have what type i appearance
Round
These are often attached on bows to be inserted in plants. They also can extend steam length
Wood picks
This is used to remove rose thorns quickly
Stem stripper
This is the base for designing silk, dried, and artificial flowers
Dry foam
This is used to split wire in half, and may also cut artificial flower stems
Wire cutters
This is used to cover floral foam and case tops to give thicker stems more stability
Wire mesh netting
This is the base of fresh flower arrangements. It can hold a quart of warer
Wet foam
Waterproof tape
This is used to attach wet foam to floral containers
These are artificial stems with a water reservoir, often used on orchids an stephonotis
Flower stems
These are used to secure miss or foliage to soil or design
Greening pins
Glue guns
These are often used for precision gluing, but are not hot enough to burn
These are often put on the ends of flowed that are going into wrapped bouquets to give them a water source
Water tubes
These are use to change the colors of fresh flowers
Floral dyes/ paint
This is often used to attach bows to the outside of the container
...
This gluing method allows stems to be dipped in adhesive
Hot melt pan glue
This's a flat based item with needle like projections, often used in orient oak designs
Frogs
These are clear glass containers that do kit need floral foam to be designed in
Vases
These are used to cut thick or woody stems
Pruners
This is a protective shield sprayed in plant leaves to help them retain their moisture
Anti- transparent
This material is generally used to create structural floral designs, and does not hold water
Styrofoam
This is the ribbon size most popular for corsage work or small desogn
#3 ribbon
This ribbon size of often used to make plant bows
#9 ribbon
All of the following items should be considered when makings window display except
Color
The most common background for a display is
Partial
------ displays are generally found in shops that must attract customers from a distance
Big windows
------ displays are generally found in high traffic areas where customers will be up close with windows
Little windows
Composition provides ------- to a display
Depth
One way to give the display greater impact is to
Repeat a basic shape throughout a window
Experts agree that it is important to combine both ------ and ------ to create a show- stopping effect
Product, prop
To design window displays that showcase a product, one should
Use products that are sufficient in size or available in large quantities, design one large floral arrangement with major impact, an make sure the display has a coordinating theme
Why is repetition important in a display
To pull the products in the display together
An easy way to use color in display is
Use products of one color against a background of a contrasting color
Arranging products so that they move symmetrically down a diagonal is an example of a
Display on the diagonal
When using texture in displays
One texture should dominate and one texture should accent
An open space near an object in a display can give the object more impact and is called
Negative space
Different methods used to refine a window display can include
Defining space, contrasting shapes, and moving outside/ inside
Displays of high importance should be placed where in a typical floral store
Along the aisle on the way from the entrance to the floral cooler
Putting a vase of fresh flowers in a display of vases is an example of
Suggestive selling
Edit merchandise
Putting a small number of products out rather than all of the products is an example of
If a product is not selling in one spot
Move the display to a new location
One way to save time in designing a display is
Group products of the same color together
Poinsettias should he used in a Christmas display. This is an example of designing displays based upon
Holidays
Placing items together that may not match but serve the same purpose is an example of
Function
Which of the following is not a way to refresh a boring display
Paint planners different colors, add bows and garlands and place lights inside the display
A theme in a store should be showcases where
In the front windows
Pedestals can be used in a display to add
Height and depth
When a figure is a display actual moves because of a power source, it is an example of
Animation
When a figure in a display is not moving, but it looks like it is in the middle of an action, this is
Implied animation
A fan generating a breeze which moves suspended items is an example of
Movement
Implied movement
A football suspended over a goal post does not have to move to give the illusion of a field goal in progress is an example of
The traditional lighting used in homes is called
Incandescent lights
What is the most under- utilized aspect of display
Floors
Lots of display
What is not necessary in big display windows
The type of background generally used for window displays are
Partial background
What should be considered in the composition of a display
Balance, depth and the number of objects
Repeat
The basic form of the objects used in display should generally
What is the goal of displays
Sales
Textures used in displays should
Consist mainly of 1 type
What is negative space
A space where there is nothing in the display
Where should the most dynamic in- store display be
At the entrance of the store
Leave it up for a year
Once you have established a good display, you should not
In creating shop displays, you should
Use expensive props with expensive products
What is the first step in creating a display
Select a theme
When you gather props, what is the first thing you should do
Select one main prop
What is one way motion can be achieved in a display
Implied motion
A window that promotes a community event is known as
Image window
What is the toughest way to coordinate products
Texture
Track lighting
The type of lighting that allows the use of many fixtures without having to conceal wires is
This type of light is best to use for showcasing flowers
Halogen
Which of the following items makes a nice background
Folding screens
Floriculture
The art and science of growing, harvesting, processing, and marketing flower crops is called
Specialaria
Some of the first greenhouses were devised by the Romans and were called
It would have more bench space per unit area under cover
How would the interior of a wholesale greenhouse differ from that of a retail greenhouse
polythylene plastic film
Which of the following greenhouse covering materials would be suitable to use on a quonset greenhouse
eave
What is the name for the part of the greenhouse where the roof meets the sidewall
glass
Which of the following greenhouse covering materials would have the longest useful life
bar cap
The narrow, aluminum cover used to protect glazing compound and help hold glass in place is called
the heat form the heater is distirbuted to the greenhouse interior by means of a fan
In gas-fired unit greenhouse heaters,......
LP gas
Which of the following greenhouse fuels is sold/priced by the gallon?
ethlylene
Which of the following is a pollutant gas that may be produced by improperly functioning unit heater
split-night temperature
Which of the following is a method of energy conservation that does not require greenhouse modification
reducing the infiltration loss through through the greenhouse covering material
As a method of energy coservation, double-layer polyethlylene over glass works by
Carbon fixation
Which of the following is NOT a function of the root system of a plant: carbon fixation, absorption of nutrients, absorption of water, or anchorage and support
ebb-and-flow benches
which irrigation system recylces the water or nutrient solution suppplied to plants: capillary mat watering,automatic drip(trickle) system, overhead-hand watering with a wand, ebb-and-flow benches
anther
which of the following is NOT part of the pistil: anther, style, ovary, sitgma
pistil and stamens
If a flower is imperfect, which can it NOT posses at the same time: petals and pistil, pistil and stamens, stamens and sepals, sepals and receptacle
filament and anther
Represents the components of the stamen
True
True or False: A flower can be incomplete yet perfect
Increases as the temperature of the plant increases
the rate of respiration in a plant......
stems with vascular bundles randomly scattered
Which of the following is characteristic of monocot plants: leaves with a network of veins, seeds with two cotyledons, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5, stems with vascular bundles randomly scattered
True
True or False: It is involved in the transport of manufactured sugars
wave length
What is another way of expressing light?
black-eyed susan
An example of a long-day plant would be.....
scarification
soaking seeds with hard coats in an acid bath would exemplify...
radicle
this would first emerge from a seed as it germinates
stem tip cutting
this would contain an apical meristem
aid in the rooting process of cuttings
As chemical growth regulators, auxins frequently are used in flower crop production to....
soaking it with a solution of 1 part of bleach to ten parts of water
This is an acceptable method of disinfecting a plastic bedding plant flat.
an amendment to soil-less growing medium
Perlite normally is used in the greenhouse industry as...
pine bark
it is an organic component of many plant growing media
excellent drainage
It is a major benefit from the use of soil-less growing media
Which of the following is fixed cost associated with greenhouse operation and management?
Depreciation
Which of the following represents the greatest disadvantage for using twin-walled polycarbonate (e.g. Lexan) as a greenhouse covering material?
High initial cost
Which of the following is considered a renewable source of fuel(energy) for greenhouse heating?
Wood
In floral design, what would be the primary use of gladiolus in an arrangement?
As a line flower
Which of the following represents the analysis of a balanced fertilizer?
15-15-15
Which of the following describe the function of the root system?
Absorption of water; anchorage and support
Which of the following is not a consideration when choosing a greenhouse framing material?
Color
Stratification
Exposure to seeds to cool, moist conditions in order to overcome dormancy defines as _________.
It reduces the transmission heat loss from the greenhouse covering material
How does applying double-layer polyethylene plastic reduce heat loss from a greenhouse?
Pesticides certification is necessary ti legally apply which of the following?
Restricted use pesticides
Florist Clay
Which of the following materials normally is used to hold a pin flower holder in a container?
The four environmentalconditions that play a key role in seed germination are?
Temperature, moisture, light, oxygen
Which of the following comprise the pistol of a flower?
Ovary; style; stigma
Which of the following are not designs used in the ceremony of a wedding?
Canopy, unity candle, aisle runner
Which of the following plant diseases would be associated the root system of a plant
Rhizoctonia
Foil glued firmly to bottom of pot
What is not an evaluation criterion for properly foiled potted plant
Which of the following should not be done when handling complaints from customers
Argue with the customer
Design skills
Which of the following is not a primary skill needed by a wholesale for sale florist sales representative
Which of the following types of mouth parts does a mealybug possess
Piercing/sucking
Which of the following is a pollutant gas that can build up inside of fmoral cooler if it is not kept clean
Ethylene
Hook method
Which wiring method is most often used on flowers with flattened heads and no apparent calyx
The elimination of pests from greenhouses via the use of screening material would represent which of the following types of pest control
Mechanical
Seed germination in which the cotyledons remain underground is termed ____ and exhibited by most ____ plants
Hypogeous; monocot
Which of the following is a basic rule of floral design
Arrangements should be 1.5 to 2 times the height or length of their container
What processing techniques are applied to complete the floral design
After filling its container with a preservative solution it is refrigerated
Which of the following is a part of the embroyo of a seed
Epicotyl
Which of the following LD50 ratings would represent the least toxic material to humans
2978 mg/kg
Which of the following terms defines the tendency of a plant to show a response to the length of day versus length of night
Phototropism
Chlorosis between the veins of the older lower leaves of a plant best describes a deficiency of which of the following essential mineral elements
Magnesium
What is the most important consideration when designing/ locating a greenhouse
Maximize available sunlight that enters the greenhouse
Horizontal underground stems that form roots on their lower surface are known as
Rhizomes
Always read and follow label directions
The most important consideration when using pesticides in the greenhouse is to
Which of the following is not a basic element of design
Complementary;triadi
Leaves having margins that have a saw like appearance are said to be
Serrate
Which of the following helps prevent flowers from being crushed when being wrapped or boxed
Arranging flowers by alternating and from one end of the box to the other
What must a designer do to prepare a wicker basket for a fresh arrangement
Add a liner
floriculture production in the united states is valued at $_____ - at a farm gate
4.7 Billion
The leading floriculture produtcion states are _____,_____ and _____.
California, Florida, Texas
Florida floriculture crop production is valued at $_______
765 Million
Watering greenhouse plants is one of the easiest jobs faced by growers.
FALSE
When should plants be watered
Just before wilting or water stress occurs
Free-Water
Perched water table means that the container has ____ at the bottom of the container right after washing when draining has occured.
This is ____ because it is not held by the root medium
Free-Water
Five
_____ Factors need to be considered to achieve a successful fertility program.
When certain elements are provided in excess top plants, Uptake other nutrients maybe hindered. One example of a mineral antagonism is the interaction; a 1:1 ration is recommended for most floriculture crops.
Hydrogen-Nitrogen
The optimum PH range for most crops growing in a soilless media is?
5.8-6.4
American floriculture crops are considered to be ___________ quality if they are well branched and ___________, with multiple flowers that open ____________.
High, Full, Simultaneiously
Pinching artificially accelerates a plant's branching and growers commonly use three types of pinches
True
The process of pinching a plant removes the __________ factory and eliminates the ___________ concentration of the ___________ hormone from the upper portion of the plant.
Auxin, High, Inhibitory
When the source of ___________ is removed, the concentration of the __________ drops quickly, thereby releasing lateral branches from _______________ dominance and allowing them to develop.
Visible at the sides, bottom medium
A time tasted rule is to pinch when roots are _______________ and _____________ of the ______________ after removing the plant from its pot.
Visible at the sides, bottom, medium
___ growers first began growing their rose plants using bent systems in the which are rooted and grown frequently
Japanese
Rose plants for he bent stem technique are started as ____ node cutting, which rooted and grown frequently in _______ ______ _______
Single, Rock Wool Cubes
Cut roses are divided into hybird teas, spray roses and _____.
Sweethearts
There are less than ___ dozen rose breedens specializing in commerical cut flower varities.
Two
Roses generally are graded according to __ of stem
Length
The greenhouse comes "alive" only after its ___ or ____, is applied. alglazing primary purpose is to allow ___ into the greenhouse while allowing the grower to manipulate the enviroment ___ the greenhouse
Glazing, Cover, Light, Inside
There/IS Are ___ types (s) of growing floors
Natural soil, sand an gravel floors, fish netting
The ___ componet of watering is the easy part because the scientific principals can be taught and learned. The ___ of watering is extremely difficult to teach, it is determining when plants need to be watered and the applying water properly
Science , Art
While it cost__ produce pinched plant in terms of ___ and ___ the ___ quality is achieved with pinched plants in terms of size, fullness and flower performance.
More, Labor, Time, Highest
Flower arranging differs from other arts in that it has its on media (Arranged grow their own materials)
True
The japanese cofine their displays of flower arrangements to specific areas as a matter of ___ and __.
Ritual , Custom
The chinese method of handling flowers is founded on _____ preservation of life, and appreciation of ____.
Symbolism, Beauty
Cofucious taught that real enjoyment consist of __ and __
Simplicity, Contemplation
A few flowers on a vase can describe the whole life history of a plant, as well as display, the beauty of a perfect bloom.
True
A creative aft form using space along with line, form, color and texture to create the floral arrangements by using plant material and other coponents.
Abstract Design
Two or three colors adjacent to eavh other on the color wheel
Analogous Color Harmony
Two sides of a vertical axis in an arrangement that are different in composition but equal in visual weight.
Asymmertical Balance
A circle of greens decorated with fruits, nuts,cones, seed pods are berries typical of the renaissance period.
Della Robbia Wreath
The art Of placing floral material in a container in a pleasing manner following carious artistic principles.
Flower Arranging
Bringing plants into bloom at a time other than normal nature
Forcing
Tussy Mussy
A circle of small flowers arranged around one central flower similar to a nosegay
Free form design
A new concept in creative art form free from conventional ideas and patterns, nongeometric.
An all around arrangement to be viewed from all sides
Free standing
Tints, tones, and shades of one hue
Monochromatic Color harmony
Nosegay
A tight hand bouquet of fragrant flowers
Novelty
A container of unusal form or shape as a heart, animal. etc
Probably the most influential in advancing flower arrangement in the country has been the ______
National council of state garden club
Plant forms, originality freedom
The american style of flower arranging past or present american european or orirntial there are __ to be considered ___
The american style of flower arranging past or present american european or oriental there are ___ to be considered ___
Design Elements, line, form , space , texture, color and harmony
7, balance scale , rhythm, reptetion, unity, focus, and harmony
There are ____ principles of design. all them should be present in every good arrangement, but their relative importance will vary. They are:
Various colors will produce different emotional and psychological effects
True
Violets and purples give a __ sometimes ___
Spirtual , feeling, sad
Tints of various hues will normally be __ while tones tend to give a __ effect.
Uplifting soothing
___ can be either warm or cold it takes on the feeling of the colors with which is associated
white
The eater lily crop is difficult to grow because
Easter falls on a different day each year
The Optium Range For Most Crops growing in a soilness medium is ___-___, because in this range micronutrients are ____ enough to satisfy plant needs without becoming so ___ as to be toxic.
5.8, 6.4,souble, soluble
High humidity in the greenhouse causes plugs to ___ and be soft due to lack of ___ uptake.
stretch, calcium
Botrytis
___can become a problem when plugs are older and the plant canopy is tight.
Snapdragons can be stored for three to four days, dry or in water, at 40 degrees F (4 degrees C).
True
Campanula carpatica is an important ___ flowering pot for a number of European growers.
Summer
You cannot change your poinsettia crop while it is growing based on the type of fertilizer you use.
False
10, 25
Galdioli species and the cultivars produce a multi-flowered inflorescence that can contain ___ to ___ florets.
TERM
___, or satin flower has been transformed from a unique and uncommon garden plant into a dependable cut flower for greenhouse and field production and for pot plant production.
Godetia
Rudbeckia fulgida is also known as ___.
Black-eyed Susan
Azaleas are vegetatively propagated from stem or tip cuttings harvested from actively grgowing plants. While rooting is relatively easy, growing a "florist" azalea takes as long as ___ to ___ ___.
2, 3 years
The goal of propagation is to reproduce a selected plant type, such as a plant species, subspecies, variety, or cultivar. A plant species is defined as having naturally occurring, generic set of characteristics and is united with other closely related spe
False.
Exacum affine is an example of a species that is commercially cultivated.
True
Geophytes include any species that form modified plant ___ for ___ storage including bulbs, corms, tubers, tuberous roots, rhizomes, pseudobulbs.
organic, carbohydrate
Layering
___ induces adventitious roots to form on stems while they are still attached to the parent plant.
___ is used in research to study physiological processes or plant diseases.
Grafting
HID and Fluorescent
Various lamp types are available for floriculture use which can be divided into three basic types, incandescent, ___ and ___.
Two common ways to reduce the light intensity in a greenhouse are with shade cloths and shading compounds. Shade cloth is available in a variety of types which reduce light by ___ to ___ %.
25, 98
Yellow margins and necrotic edges, especially on lower leaves; leaves may curl up or down; root tips may be necrotic are all symptoms of what type of toxicity?
Ammonium
Plant growth
___ ___ regulation is defined as any chemical or process used to produce used to produce a specific type of growth response, such as inhibition of internode elongation or root development.
Chemical growth retardants are registered for use on vegetable or other edible bedding plants such as tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), peppers (Capsicum annuum), and herbs.
False
Tropical flowers like bird-of-paradise, anthurium, ginger and orchids should be kept in a seperate cooler set with ___ tempatures (___degrees to ____degrees).
Warmer, 45, 50
What does the scientific name Clivia miniata mean?
Kafir Lily
Azalea
What does the scientific name Rhododendron mean?
What does the scientific name Primula malacoides mean?
Primrose
What does the scientific name Pelargonium hortorum mean?
Geranium
Carsages are most commonly worn on the ___?
Left shoulder
Which one of the four plants listed below originated in the Mediterranean region? Mystus Communis, Monstera deliciosa, Maranta leuconeura, Magnolia grandiflora.
Mystus Communis
(Equisetum hyemale) Horsetail, Scouring Rush
Name the plant that fits the following description. Long, round, hollow, leafless stems up to 4 feet long and 1/4 to 1/2 inch wide with furrowed ridges running the length of the stem segments. Silica in the ridges gives surface rough quality.
Celastrus scandens (Bittersweet)
Name the plant that fits the following description. Twisting vine with bunches of bright orange berries, revealed when fruit dehisces (bursts open).
What is blue or violet in color; individual flowers shaped like a helmet or hood with a beak in the front. Flowers arranged on a spike-like raceme while available in summer and fall.
Monkshood
The classical period of floral design design from (28 BC-325 AD) was the ___ period.
Roman
The Italian artist Michelangelo greatly influenced the artistic transition from the classical ___ style to the lavish mood of the ___ period. This style of design become most highly developed by the painters of Holland and Belgium, who used floral arrange
Renaissance, Baroque
The S-curve was created by an English painter named William Hogwarts, who described this style as the "line of beauty." This style of flower arrangement, the Hogwartian curve, is still quite popular in modern design because it utilizes a rhythmic, asymmet
False
The art of Japanese flower arranging has evolved through various periods. The basic Japanese floral design styles are Ikenobo, Rikkwa, Shokwa, Nageire, Moribana, and Jiyu-Bana. Which arrangement style was established as a refinement of the art and ritual
Ikenobo
The first rules for Japanese floral design were written in the early eleventh century. These rules applied to the ___ style, which depicted natural scenes and utilized the following three structural elements in each design; Shin, Soe, and Tai.
Rikkwa
Rikkwa
Through the development of the ___ style, Japanese flower arrangements evolved into the three-dimensional design that were later adapted into Western floral arrangements.
In all arrangements when looking at the principles of design, the floral designer is striving for emphasis, balance, proportion, ___, ___, and unity.
rhythm, harmony
The use of negative spaces or voids within the arrangement is equally as important as sizes of flowers in creating a pleasing proportion.
True
An analogous color scheme is created by combining any three ___ found next to each other on the color wheel. The color scheme has a great emotional appeal because any three colors that lie next to each other on the color wheel were developed from a single
hues
A monochromatic color scheme is created from flowers and foliage with the tints and shades of a single ___.
hue
Filler flowers ass a finishing touch to an arrangement. The two types of filler flowers used in flower arrangements are ___ and ___.
bunch, feather
The temperature that benefits the majority of the flowers held by a florist is 35-40 degrees F or _____-___ degrees C.
4 , 4.5
The size of the wire is listed according to its gauge number. The higher the gauge number, the ___ wire.
finer
whip (tongue), side-tongue
Several different types of grafting have been developed including ___, splice, side, ___, side-veneer, cleft, bark, and approach grafting.
Soluble salts refer to the total dissolved ions in media water solutions. Soluble salts are measured by means of electrical conductivity (EC); the lesser the soluble salt concentration, the more easily an electrical current will pass through a medium wate
False.
___ are/is the fiber of a palm tree used like string or ribbon to tie things together.
Raffia
___, commonly called ___ throughout the trade, is the traditional filler flower for mixed bouquets and arrangements.
Gypsophila, gyp
Sunflower is also known as ___?
Helianthus
Daylily is also known as ___?
Hemerocallis
Amaryllis also known as ___?
Hippeastrum hybrids
Nontraditional 20th Century flower arranging styles can be arbitrarily divided into two types known as Radical Structure and the interest-equated style, based on the method of construction. True or False?
True
False
The difference between an informal boutonniere and a formal boutonniere is the informal boutonniere has a green piece attached behind the flower held in place with floratape. True or False?
Linear materials are those that grow into the shape of a tall spire or spike. They are usually tall and slender. Often they are _______below the tip but taper definitely to a point at the top, much like a _______.
a.fluffy, ice cream cone
b.full,church st
b. full,church steeple
c
The American style of flower arranging is based on the ____ elements of design.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 7
What are the three kinds of traditional flower arrangements recognized today in America by flower arrangers and the National Council of State Garden Clubs?
a. line, mass, line-mass
b. line, naturalistic, abstract
c. naturalistic, free-form, abstract
d. fr
a. line, mass, line-mass
False
The famous painter della Robbia is remembered for his symmetrical treatments of wreaths and garlands made of dull colored fruits, peppers, cones, berries, foliage, and flowers. True or False?
Who first developed the "rules" of the floral design?
a.French of the Industrial Era
b.Indians of the Columbus Era
c.Greeks of the Roman Era.
d.English of the Victorian Era
d. English of the Victorian Era
What are the four types or shapes of plant material?
a. circle, square, rectangle, pyramid
b. line, form, square, balance
c. shape, mass, symmetrical, triangle
d. line, form, mass, filler
d. line, form, mass, filler
The art of any period of civilization reflects the tastes and ideas of that time and place. In general, ____ and ____ flower arrangements have emphasized mass and color.
a. China, Japan
b. Georgian, Victorian
c. Mediterranean, Europe
d. Renaissance, Frenc
c. Mediterranean, Europe
d
The French period was from ________.
a. 1550-1760
b. 1400-1600
c. 475-1400
d.1715-1800
During the French Period, the court life, beginning with King Louis XIV (1638-1715) in France, greatly influenced the art forms of Europe in the late 17th and 18th centuries. The tone was one of luxury, magnificence, and elegance, but the styles of flower
a. painting, arranging
Dahlias flower morphology is simple and flower size varies from larger than 9.25 in. to less than 4 cm. True or False?
False
Boutonnieres and corsages are supplemental to apparel and should accent the clothing not detract from it while the flowers used should reflect the time of year or season, not the event or reason for the celebration. True or False?
False
________ is represented by strong geometric lines and forms. They are highly stylized and are often thought to mimic Egyptian and Aztec cultures as well as being influenced by the contemporary society.
a. Art Nouveau
b. Art Bonified
c. Art Classified
d. A
d. Art Deco
________ is curvilinear lines, cascading works, with nature's patterns of plants and flowers depicted either in the arrangement or in the container.
a. Art Nouveau
b. Art Bonified
c. Art Classified
d. Art Deco
a. Art Nouvau
The most common type of florist ribbon used is the waterproof ________ with a _______- edge.
a. unsanitized acetate, fused
b. nylon ribbon, round
c. sanitized acetate, fused
d. nylon ribbon, sharp
c. sanitized acetate, fused
Tertiary colors are the ________ mixture of a primary and secondary color next to it.
a. unequal
b. 1:2 ratio
c. 3:1 ratio
d. equal
d. equal
b
________ harmony combines three colors equi-distant on the wheel forming a triangle such as red, blue, and yellow.
a. Tetrad
b. Triadic
c. Complementary
d. Monochromatic
The most important consideration in setting up an irrigation system is water ________.
a. pressure
b. concentration
c. quality
d. volume
c. quality
One of the most important factors is the electrical conductivity (EC), a measure of soluble salts. Water with a low EC, ________ mS/cm, will give the greatest number of irrigation options and will help reduce future problems from the accumulation of high
c. 0.1-0.5
Foliar analysis is especially useful when you need to determine ________ levels in the plant.
a. micronutrient
b. macronutrient
c. both a and b
d. neither a or b
a. micronutrient
c
The ________ the alkalinity level, the ________ the pH of soilless medium will ________.
a. lower, slower, decrease
b. higher, slower, increase
c. higher, quicker, increase
d. lower quicker, decrease
Each plant has an optimum temperature range. In general, if you were to lump all floriculture crops together, you would find the optimum range is from 35-50 F (2-10 C) on the lower side and ________-F (_______- C) on the upper side.
a. 55-70, 12-17
b. 65-
b. 65-85, 18-29
a
During propagation, such as seed germination and plug seedling production, and in linear (rooted cutting) production, temperatures are ________ than they are during finished crop production.
a. higher
b. lower
c. inconsistent
d. none of the above
Temperature is the only way you will control how quickly your plants grow. True or False?
False
Bozi is one of the more ________ PGRs (plant growth regulators)
a. inactive
b. differential
c. limited
d. active
d. active
For the traditional florist, the term "________" is meant to promote the sale of flowers by offering a variety of products in a variety of ways.
a. flower design
b. wholesale
c. retailer
d. marketing
d. marketing
________ is a philosophy a way of thinking that puts the consumer at the center of attention.
a. Marketing
b. Retailing
c. Floral designing
d. none of the above
a. Marketing
In the 1980s, "Architectural" arrangements that were angular and linear took the place of the "________".
a. Square-Bails
b. Circular-Pillars
c. Round Moundy's
d. none of the above
c. Round Moundy's
Roses require special handling and, after cutting stems ________, they should be placed in a commercially available ________ solution which ________ the water acidity and speeds the uptake of water.
a. underwater, preservative, raises
b. horizontally, pre
c. underwater, hydrating, lowers
1.) ________ are green plastic tube-like reservoirs with rubber caps, into which the flower stem is inserted.
2.) ________ attached with a heavy-duty picking machine. A sharp, pointed, barbed shaft is attached to the flower or foliage.
3.) ________ availa
1.) Water Picks
2.) Metal Picks
3.) Wood Picks
b
________ involve tubing that provides water to individual pots.
a. Flow benches
b. Spaghetti tubes
c. Tray mechanization
d. Capillary matts
________ is obtained from nature and is the result of weathered rocks.
a. Plant nutrition
b. Macro-nutrients
c. Mineral soil
d. none of the above
c. Mineral soil
b
Calcium, magnesium, and sulfur are said to be ________ macro-nutrients because plants need moderate amounts.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. slow release
d. none of the above
Plant growth is dependent on _______ essential elements, often referred to as nutrients.
a. 9
b. 13
c. 3
d. 17
d. 17
The chief function of the leaves is food manufacture. This process of food manufacture is called photosynthesis. carbon dioxide + water--------light-------> glucose+ oxygen
What is the correct equation?
a. 6CO2+ 6H20-------light-------> C6H12 06+ 6O2
b. 2
a. 6CO2 + 6H20------light------> C6H12 O6 +6O2
Poinsettia's history shows that Poinsettias represented purity and served as a reminder of the blood sacrifices to the Aztec people. True or False?
True
National Poinsettia Day is December______, the anniversary of the death of Joel Robert Poinsett.
a. 19
b. 5
c. 12
d. 21
c. 12
________ is a feathered single flower made from the florets of a gladiolous flower.
a. Tendril
b. Bias
c. Var
d. Glamellia
d. Glamellia
Plants Convert chemical energy into light energy which results in plant growth.
False
Wavelengths are measured in _____ with specific wavelengths corresponding to specific ____.
Nanometers, color
True
Photoperiodism is a phytochrome-mediated response. True or False.
Modern _____ cultivars come in an astonishing variety of colors, color combinations and petal styles (spoon, quill, and flat).
Chrysanthemum (daisy)
Dahlias are native to the mountain of _____.
Mexico
65 to 75 F, full
Growth is best for Helianthus annus L. Between _____ and _____ sun is always preferred.
_____ is an example of a specific species that is commercially cultivated.
Exacum affine
When spores germinate, they form a small _____ leaf like structure known as the prothallus.
Green
_____ is any method of breaking through hard, water-impermeable seed coats to allow water to penetrate.
Scarification
Disadvantages to Pregermination are limited shelf life of _____, limited selection, and limited cost.
4 to 5 weeks
False
Floral supply companies focus their inventories on hard goods and tools but primarily on fresh flowers and foliage
_____ were historically the first people to use flowers for decoration purposes.
Egyptians
The strewing of flowers and loose petals at banquets and festivals was typical of the _____ period.
Greek and Roman
The _____ period is considered the beginning of the flower arranging as it is known today.
Italian Renaissance
...
...
(Aechmea chantinii cv.) Bromeliad
Ageratum mexicanum cv. / Ageratum
Aglaonema commutatum cv. / Aglaonema
Alstroemeria aurantiaca / Peruvian Lily
Antirrhinum majus cv. / Snapdragon
Anthurium x andraeanum cv. / Anthurium, Flamingo Lily
Aphelandra squarrosa cv. / Aphelandra, Zebra Plant
(Araucaria heterophylla) Norfolk Island Pine
Argyranthemum frutescens / Marguerite Daisy
Asparagus densiflorus 'Sprengeri' / Sprengeri "Fern
Asparagus setaceus / Asparagus "Fern
Astilbe hybrid cv. / Astilbe
Begonia x tuberhybrida cv. / Tuberous Begonia
(Begonia x semperflorens- cultorum) Wax Begonia
Caladium x hortulanum cv. / Fancy-Leaved Caladium
Calceolaria crenatiflora cv. / Pocketbook Plant
(Callistephus chinensis cv.) China Aster
Camellia japonica cv. / Common Camellia
(Canna x generalis cv.) Common Garden Canna
(Catharanthus roseus) Madagascar Periwinkle
Cattleya cv. / Cattleya Orchid Hybrid
Celosia argentea cv. / Cockscomb
Chamaedorea elegans / Parlor Palm
Chamelaucium uncinatum / Waxflower
Cholorophytum comosum cv. / Spider Plant
Chrysanthemum x morifolium cv. / Florist's Chrysanthemum
Cissus rhombifolia 'Mandaiana' / Grape Ivy
Clematis Jackmanii Group cv. / Clematis
Codiaeum variegatum pictum cv. / Croton
Crassula argentea / Jade Plant
Cyclamen x persicum cv. / Florist's Cyclamen
(Cymbidium cv.) Cymbidium Orchid
Dianthus caryophyllus cv. / Carnation
Dieffenbachia maculata cv. / Spotted Dumbcane
Dracaena fragrans 'Massangeana' / Corn Plant Dracaena
Dracaena cincta / Red Edge Dracaena
Echeveria cv. / Hens and Chickens
Echinocactus cv. / Barrel Cactus
(Epipremnum aureum cv.) Golden Pothos, Devil's Ivy
(Erica carnea cv.) Spring Heath
Eucalyptus polyanthemos / Silver Dollar Gum
Euphorbia milii splendens / Crown-of Thorns
Euphorbia pulcherrima cv. / Poinsettia
(Exacum affine) German (Persian) Violet
Ficus benjamina 'Exotica' / Benjamin Fig
Ficus elastica 'Decora' / 'Decora' Rubber Plant
Ficus pumila / Creeping Rubber Plant
Freesia x hybrida / Freesia
Fittonia verschaffeltii / Nerve Plant
Gardenia jasminoides 'Fortuniana' / Gardenia
Gerbera jamesonii / Transvaal Daisy
(Gladiolus x hortulanus cv.) Garden Gladiolus
Gynura aurantiaca 'Sarmentosa' / "Purple Passion", Velvet Plant
(Gypsophila elegans cv.) Baby's Breath
Hedera helix cv. / English Ivy
Hemerocallis cv. / Daylily
Heptapleurum arboricola / Dwarf Schefflera, Dwarf Octopus Tree
158 Hippeastrum hybrid cv. / Amaryllis
Hosta undulata / Plantain Lily
Hoya carnosa / Wax Plant
Hyacinthus orientalis cv. / Hyacinth
Hydrangea macrophylla cv. / French (Florist's) Hydrangea
(Impatiens hybrid cv.) Impatiens
Iris x germanica florentina cv. / Flag (Bearded) Iris
(Iris x xiphium cv.) Dutch Iris
Justicia brandegeana / Shrimp Plant
Kalanchoe x blossfeldiana cv. / Kalanchoe
Leucanthemum x superbum cv. / Shasta Daisy
Liatris spicata / Liatris
Lilium longiflorum cv. / Trumpet (Easter) Lily
Lilium x hybridum cv. / Hybrid (Garden) Lily
Limonium sinuatum / Statice
Lobularia maritima / Sweet Alyssum
Maranta leuconeura var. kerchoviana / Prayer Plant
Matthiola incana cv. / Flowering Stock
Monstera deliciosa / Cutleaf "Philodendron
Narcissus pseudonarcissus cv. / Daffodil
(Neoregelia carolinae 'Tricolor') Bromeliad
Nephrolepis exaltata cv. / Boston Fern
Opuntia tribe cv. / Cactus
(Paeonia cv.) Peony
Paphiopedilum x hybrid cv. / Ladyslipper Orchid
Pelargonium x domesticum cv. / Regal (Lady Washington) Geranium
Pelargonium x hortorum cv. / (Zonal) Geranium
(Pelargonium peltatum cv.) Ivy Geranium
Peperomia argyreia / Watermelon Peperomia
Peperomia caperata / Emerald Ripple Peperomia
Peperomia obtusifolia 'Variegata' / Variegated Peperomia
Petunia x hybrida cv. / Common Garden Petunia
Phalaenopsis cv. / Phalaenopsis (Butterfly) Orchid
Philodendron scandens oxycardium / Heartleaf Philodendron
Pilea cadierei / Aluminum Plant
Pilea involucrata / Friendship Plant
(Pilea microphylla) Artillery Plant
Pilea nummularifolia / Creeping Charley
Plectranthus mummularis / Swedish Ivy
(Polianthes tuberosa) Tuberose
(Primula x polyanthus cv. / Polyanthus) Primrose
Primula malacoides cv. / Fairy Primrose
(Rhododendron cv.) Azalea
Rosa hybrid, Class Hybrid Tea cv. / Hybrid Tea Rose
Rumohra adiantiformis / Leatherleaf Fern
(Saintpaulia ionantha cv.) African Violet
Salvia splendens cv. / Salvia
Sansevieria trifasciata cv. / Snake Plant
Saxifraga stolonifera / Strawberry Plant
Schlumbergera bridgesii / Christmas Cactus
Schlumbergera truncata cv. / Thanksgiving Cactus, Crab Cactus
Senecio cineraria 'Diamond' / Diamond Dusty Miller
Senecio x hybridus cv. / Florist's Cineraria
Sinningia speciosa Fyfiana Group cv. / Gloxinia
(Solanum pseudocapsicum cv.) Jerusalem Cherry
Solenostemon scutellarioides / Coleus
Spathiphyllum clevelandii / White
Anthurium, Peace Lily
(Stephanotis floribunda) Stephanotis
(Strelitzia reginae) Bird-of-Paradise
Syngonium podophyllum / Nephthytis
Tagetes species cv. / Marigold
Tolmiea menziesii / Pickaback Plant
Tulipa cv. / Tulip
Vaccinium ovatum / Florist's "Huckleberry
Viola x wittrockiana cv. / (Garden) Pansy
Zebrina pendula cv. / Wandering Jew
Zinnia elegans / Zinnia