roots, stems, leaves
what are the 3 main parts of a plant
roots
anchoring, absorption, transport & support
stems
support, carries nutrients, defense system, produce leaves & flowers
leaves
perform photosynthesis (make energy/food for plant)
dermal, vascular, ground tissues
3 types of plant tissue
dermal tissue
protective outer covering of a plant
epidermus
dermal tissue in young plants consisting of 1 layer of cells
water; protection
dermal tissue prevents _____________ loss & provides ________________
vascular tissue
supports plant and transports water, minerals, & nutrients
xylem
carries water & minerals from roots
phloem
carries nutrients (food) from leaves
ground tissue
produces and stores sugars-contributes to physical support of plant (edible parts of plants)
parenchyma, collenchyma, scterenchyma
three types of ground tissue
parenchyma
performs photosynthesis
collenchyma
strong flexible cells walls to help support plant organs
scterenchyma
extremely thick, rigid cell walls-make seed coats tough and strong like a walnut shell (also used to make rope)
meristems
regions of unspecialized cells that perform mitosis to make new cells for growth of the plant
growth
meristems are places where _______ occurs
apical meristem
very top part of a stem and tip of a root where the most rapid growth takes place
taproot and fibroos
2 main types of roots
taproot system
1 large primary root
fibroos root
multiple, equally sized branching roots
epidermus
outer layer
cortex
large area of ground tissue inside epidermus
endodermis
-ground tissue found inside cortex that encloses vascular tissue
xylem and phloem
center of vascular tissue
root cap
protects root tip (apical meristem)
root hairs
small hairs off root where most water and minerals is absorbed
support the plant, anchor the plant to ground, absorb water and nutrients from the soil
3 functions of roots
produce flowers and leaves, hold leaves up to the sun, transports substances throughout plant
what are 3 important functions of stems
nodes
where leaves are attached
buds
where new leaves/ stems are produced
primary growth
adds length to a plant
secondary growth
increases thickness of plant
vascular cambium
produces vascular tissues and increases thickness of stems
cork cambium
produces the outer covering of stems
function of leaf
absorb light and perform photosynthesis
blade
thin flattened part that collects light
peticle
attaches the blade to the stem
metophyle
specialized ground tissue found between leaf veins
stomata
small openings in the skin (epidermis) of the leaf that allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen to diffuse
guard cells
control the opening/ closing of stomata
plants take in "breathe" CO2, through pores in their epidermis called stomata
how do plants breathe
mouth
stomata=
transpiration
the loss of water through leaves
plant "sweating
transpiration=
transpiration and capillary action
what are the major forces that move water through xylem tissues and plants
capillary action
the tendency of water to rise in a thin tube
adhesion
an attraction between unlike molecules