discriminative stimulus (SD)
a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished (and in the presence of which that response will be more likely or less likely to occur).
S-delta (S?)
a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will not be reinforced or punished.
discrimination-training procedure
reinforcing or punishing a response in the presence of one stimulus (SD) and extinguishing it or allowing it to recover in the presence of another stimulus (S?).
stimulus discrimination (stimulus control)
the occurrence of a response more frequently in the presence of one stimulus than in the presence of another, usually as a result of a discrimination-training procedure.
discriminated response
a response under the control of a discriminative stimulus.
punishment-based SD (positive punishment)
a stimulus in the presence of which a response will be punished.
incidental teaching
the planned use of behavioral contingencies, differential reinforcement and discrimination training, in the student's everyday environment
verbal behavior
behavioral term for language
manding
behavioral term for requesting
mand
a verbal relation where the form of a response is determined by a motivating operation
tact
verbal behavior where the form of the response is controlled by an SD, not by the reinforcer
prompt
a supplemental stimulus that raises the probability of a correct response
operandum (manipulandum)
that part of the environment the organism operates (manipulates).
S-delta test
is there also an S?? If not, you do not have an SD
same before condition test
is the before condition the same for both SD and S-delta?
response test
is the response the same for both the SD and S-delta?
extinction/recovery test
is the S-delta contingency always extinction or recovery?
operandum test
does the SD differ from the operandum?
different before condition test
does the SD differ from the before condition?
nondiscriminated reinforcement condition
he reinforcement contingency is in operation at all times when the response can occur.
discriminated reinforcement contingency
the reinforcement contingency is in operation only when the SD and S?.
vocal verbal behavior
talking, spoken language, spoken verbal behavior
tacting
behavioral term for answering using verbal behavior, naming something (e.g., 'a red car')
intuition (intuitive control
control by a concept or set of contingencies the person or organism does not define or describe.
concept training
reinforcing or punishing a response in the presence of one stimulus class and extinguishing it or allowing it to recover in the presence of another stimulus class.
stimulus class (concept)
a set of stimuli, all of which have some common physical property.
stimulus generalization
the behavioral contingencies in the presence of one stimulus affects the frequency of the response in the presence of another stimulus.
concept-training procedure
two stimulus classes are used to achieve conceptual stimulus control
conceptual stimulus control (conceptual control)
responding occurs more often in the presence of one stimulus class and less often in the presence of another stimulus class because of concept training.
stimulus dimensions
the physical properties of a stimulus.
fading procedure
at first the SD and S? differ along at least one irrelevant dimension, as well as the relevant dimensions. Then the difference between the SD and the S? is reduced along all but the relevant dimensions, until the SD and the S? differ along only the releva
errorless discrimination procedure
the use of a fading procedure to establish a discrimination with no errors during the training.
reinforcer reduction
a gradual reduction or replacement of a reinforcer through amount, type or schedule of reinforcement.
stimulus-generalization gradient
a gradient of responding showing an increase in stimulus control as the test stimulus becomes less similar to the training stimulus
nterobserver agreement
a way of making subjective dependent variables more objective
subjective measure
the criteria for measurement are not completely specified in physical terms or the event being measured is a private, inner experience.
objective measure
the criteria for measurement are completely specified in physical terms and the event being measured is public and therefore observable by more than one person.
matching to sample
selecting a comparison stimulus corresponding to a sample stimulus.
symbolic matching to sample
matching to sample in which the relation between the sample and comparison stimuli is arbitrary
identity matching
matching to sample when the sample and comparison stimuli are physically identical