Congressional Membership. Chapter 5 Section 1.

Two years

How long does a term of Congress last?

Two

How many sessions is a Congressional term divided into?

435

How many House members are there?

Population

How are House seats apportioned?

Twenty-five

How old must a representative be?

seven years

How long does a representative have to be an American citizen for before being elected?

Every Two years

How often must all representatives run for reelection?

Special Election

What does a state have if a representative resigns or dies in the first session?

Census

Population Count

Ten years

How often does the Census Bureau take a national census?

Reapportionment

The new number of representatives to which each state is entitled is determined by the its population

1929

When did Congress limit the number of representatives in the House?

Redistricting

The process of setting up new district lines after reapportionment has been completed

Baker v. Carr

Court held that federal courts decide conflicts over drawing district boundaries

Wesberry v. Sanders

Court ruled that the Constitution clearly intended that a vote in one congressional district was to be worth as much as a vote in another district, "one person, one vote

Gerrymandering

A political party controlling the state government draws a district's boundaries to gain an advantage in elections.

Packing

Drawing lines so they include as many of the opposing party's voters as possible making the remaining districts safe for the majority party's candidates

Cracking

Dividing an opponent's voters into other districts to weaken the opponent's voter base.

Two

How many Senators does each state have?

Thirty

How old must a Senator be before being elected?

Nine years

How long must a senator be a US citizen before being elected?

At-large

statewide

Senators

Who is selected at-large in each state?

Six years

How long is a Senators term?

Governor

If a senator dies or resigns before the end of the term, Who may the state legislature authorize to appoint a new senator?

Salaries

Unlike most jobs, The Senate and House set their own what?

Twenty-Seventh Amendment

Prohibits a sitting Congress from giving itself a pay raise, the pay raise takes effect after an intervening election.

Franking Privilege

Senate and House receive free stationary and
postage for official business

Floor

Where can Congress not be sued for what they say?

Exclusion

Each house may refuse to seat an elected members for disorderly behavior by a majority vote and expel a legislature by a 2/3 vote.

Censure

Vote of formal disapproval of a member's actions.

Lawyers

Nearly have the Members of Congress also have what job?

Incumbents

Members already in office

Reelection

Most incumbents have what result in the next elections?

Incumbents

Who gets reelected because they could be gerrymandering in their favor, its easier to raise campaign funds, they're better known to voters, use their position to help solve voters' problems, majority of voters believe their incumbent best represents their